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Application of Developmental Stages to Parent-Child Interactions. Two dimensions of parenting that appear to be most important in child rearing:. A large amount of love, acceptance, and warmth of the parent to the child. A moderate to high level of restrictive control.
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Application of Developmental Stages to Parent-Child Interactions
Two dimensions of parentingthat appear to be most important in child rearing: • A large amount of love, acceptance, • and warmth of the parent to the child • A moderate to high level of restrictive • control
Love, Acceptance, and Warmth • Satisfaction with the child’s abilities • High involvement • High responsiveness - Positive reinforcement • Sensitivity to the child’s needs • Open Communication / Feelings
Level of Restrictive Control • Clear standards of behavior, rules, and consequences • Rules firmly and consistently reinforced • Coercive demands rarely given in to • Mature behavior expected • Good modeling of parental behavior • and how parents resolve conflicts
This Pattern of Parenting is Associated With Children Who Display Love and Limits • High self-esteem and self-confidence • Emotional stability • Independence • Competence in social and academic areas • Social responsibility • Ability to control aggression
Other Parenting StylesAssociated With Inappropriate Child Behaviors • Authoritarian • Indulgent or Permissive • Uninvolved or Indifferent
Interactions With Children Taken from Hembree-Kigin, T., & McNeil, C.D. (1995). Parent-Child Interaction Therapy. Plenum Press: New York, London. P - Praise R - Reflect I - Imitate D - Describe E– Enthusiasm
Interactions With Adolescents Adapted from Hembree-Kigin, T., & McNeil, C.D. (1995). Parent-Child Interaction Therapy. Plenum Press: New York, London. P - Praise R - Respect I - Interest D - Disclosure E- Empathy
Limits Set reasonable limits and consequences in advance when possible Natural and logical consequences Other consequences Follow through with consequences using respect and caring - Let child know that they made the decision
Effective Commands Taken from Hembree-Kigin, T., & McNeil, C.D. (1995). Parent-Child Interaction Therapy. Plenum Press: New York, London. • Be direct, not indirect • Positively stated • Single, not compound • Specific, not vague • Neutral tone of voice • Polite and respectful • Developmental level • Give a rationale • Use choices
C ommunicate unqualified love and respect U nderstand the child’s perception, then share ours E stablish and maintain family rituals and customs S tructure opportunities for the child to contribute