Implementation of CEN/TC 154 and TC 227 standards in Iceland

1. Icelandic Building Research Institute Implementation of CEN/TC 154 and         TC 227 standards in Iceland Pétur Pétursson Icelandic Building Research Institute CEN-NORD Seminar, Reykjavík 29.09. 2006

2. Relevant facts about Iceland • Population: 300.000 • Coastline 5.000 km • Area total: 103.000 km2 • land: 100.250 km2 • water: 2.750 km2 • desert/wasteland: 64.500km2 • glaciers: 12.000 km2 • Natural hazards: earthquakes and volcanic activity • Agreement with the European Union to adopt European standards to remove barriers to trade

3. Climate • Temperate; moderated by North Atlantic Gulf Stream; mild, windy winters; damp, cool summers • Many freeze/thaw cycles (up to 100 each winter), especially in the southwest region • Use of de-icing salt is in urban areas is common practice

4. Geology

5. Roadways total: 13.000 km paved: 4.600 km unpaved: 8.700 km Low traffic rate Long road network per capita Many gravel pits along the road network Few large producers Heavy traffic load is increasing rapidly Older roads not designed for increasing heavy traffic load Results in basecourse stabilisation and more expensive surfacings Requirements for produced aggregates need to be re-evaluated and upgraded Road network and traffic

6. ICERA´s ~3000 gravel pits and quarries

7. This presentation in short: • Some aspects of the test standards from TC 154 and 227: • Sieving analysis • Humus content • Freeze/thaw test with salt • Petrographic analysis • Nordic abrasion • Harmful fines • Adhesion • Crushed and broken surfaces • New optional test method • Implementation of TC 154 standards in Iceland • Implementation of TC 227 standards in Iceland

8. Sieving analysis • We changed from ASTM aperture sizes to ISO in the late eighties • We have mostly taken up perforated plate sieves with > 4 mm aperture size, good experience • Sweden has been trying to include mechanical sieve shakers to more extent in the procedure of sieving as well as testing Flakiness Index • Iceland supports this request from Sweden

9. Humus content, EN 1744-1 • The pass/fail requirement is questionable • According to the color scale used before, the reference color is too dark (equals approximately color no. 3 to 4 on the Nordic scale) • An option would be to test the loss on ignition, which is not really a part of the chemical test methods to test for humus • More research is needed on the comparison between the NaOH and loss on ignition methods • More humus categories are needed in order to cover all end uses, such as concrete, bituminous material, base course and wearing course aggregates Ref. Color solution

10. Freeze/thaw test, prEN 1367-6 • Icelandic frost resistance test with salt water was developed in the years of 1985 to 1990 • The test involved 70 freeze/thaw cicles, 10 per 24 hours with the temp. range from +4°C to –4°C • A strong correlation was found between test results and performance of aggregates in surface dressing • The test method was introduced to CEN/TC 154/TG 9 in the early 1990’s as a response to prEN 1367-1, which was considered unsuitable for Icelandic aggregates and conditions (negligible degradation occurs) • A Nordic test method was developed in 1995-1996, based on Icelandic experience and with reference to prEN 1367-1 • The Nordic test method was issued as a NT BUILD standard in 1998 • The FRAS co-operation was established in 2003 and finished in 2004 • A draft freeze/thaw test method was written by TG 12 in 2005 • The new method is at CEN enquiry stage at the moment

11. Petrographic analysis

12. Petrographic analysis • Iceland commented that the test standard for petrographic analysis was too simplified and that subdivision of basalt was necessary • Documented reply from TC 154 that each country can adjust the petrographic analysis to their needs if it does not conflict the European standard • Iceland commented that a minimum of particles needed to be analysed • A minimum of 150 particles was included in the test standard

13. Nordic abrasion test • Iceland has always supported the Swedish Ball Mill test • Icelandic research established good correlation between Nodic abrasion value and the former Dorry value • Some Nordic countries may like to have this test method also available for unbound aggregates

14. Harmful fines • Methylene Blue test and Sand Equivalent test are not traditional tests in Iceland, • The requirements regarding harmful fines in the ICERA guidelines are based on the plasticity as well as quantity of fines < 0,063 mm and additionally the quantity of fines < 0,02 mm (measured with hydrometer or laser method) • Laser method correlates well with hydrometer test

15. Adhesion • No direct adhesion test from TC 154 • Vialit Plate Test for surface dressing from TC 227/WG 2 adopted for emulsion surface dressing material here in Iceland but not for cutback surface dressing • The wet mix test (with constant binder) is still in use to test adhesion properties of aggregates for cutback surface dressing, based on long time tradition • Indirect tensile test for hotmix asphalt is not used in Iceland, nor any other adhesion test

16. Road type Crushed gravel Category EN 13242 Crushed rock Category EN 13242 A-B1 C50/10 C90/3 B2-B3 C50/10 C90/3 C1-C2 C50/30 C90/3 D CNR/50 CNR Crushed and broken surfaces, example of requirements for basecourse material

17. Crushed and broken surfaces Other categories: C100/0 C95/1 C90/1 ----- Cnr/50 Cnr/70 C50/30 C50/10 C90/3