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Investment Appraisal Methods

Investment Appraisal Methods. L3 Business Studies. Investment. Buying the equipment needed to make or sell a product/service. IS Buying productive assets. IS NOT Buying shares, saving in the bank or buying gold. Investment Appraisal.

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Investment Appraisal Methods

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  1. Investment Appraisal Methods L3 Business Studies

  2. Investment Buying the equipment needed to make or sell a product/service. IS Buying productive assets IS NOT Buying shares, saving in the bank or buying gold

  3. Investment Appraisal Deciding on the best investment choice from a possible range. involves CHOICE What truck?

  4. Investment Appraisal Learning Objectives 3 methods: Payback Period Accounting Rate of Return Net Present Value

  5. Investment is? Discuss with your partner and make your choice. Write it in your notes. A Putting money in an ASB account B Buying GOLD bars and storing them C Buying productive assets D Investing in XERO shares

  6. Investment is? A Putting money in an ASB account B Buying GOLD bars and storing them C Buying productive assets D Investing in XERO shares

  7. DECISIONS, DECISIONS! Glass company wants to grow and needs a new delivery vehicle. It has decided on 3 possible options HOW DOES IT MAKE A FINAL DECISION? OPTION 2 OPTION 3 OPTION 1

  8. Investment Appraisal 3 methods: Payback Period Accounting Rate of Return Net Present Value

  9. Payback period How long will it take to pay back the initial investment from NET CASH FLOWS OPTION 1: $45000 initial investment OPTION 2 $36000 initial investment OPTION 3 $60000 initial investment

  10. Payback period NET CASH FLOWS are … Income received from asset minus costs of running asset YOU WILL be given the NET CASH FLOW for each investment option in the exam.

  11. Payback period $14000 $14000 $14000 $14000 $14000 0 OPTION 1: 1 2 3 4 5 Years (NET Cash Flow) $45000 If the annual flows are all the same … Initial Investment = PAYBACK PERIOD Annual Net Cash Flows Give it a go yourself

  12. Payback period $14000 $14000 $14000 $14000 $14000 0 OPTION 1: 1 2 3 4 5 Years (NET Cash Flow) $45000

  13. Payback period $10000 $9000 $9000 $12000 $12000 0 OPTION 2: 1 2 3 4 5 Years (NET Cash Flow) If the annual flows are different … $36000 Add each year until you have covered your investment Give it a go yourself

  14. Payback period $10000 $9000 $9000 $12000 $12000 0 OPTION 2: 1 2 3 4 5 Years (NET Cash Flow) $36000

  15. Payback period $18000 $22000 $26000 $26000 $30000 0 OPTION 3: 1 2 3 4 5 Years (NET Cash Flow) $60000 PAYBACK a little harder to find? YOUR TURN A 3yrs 2 mths B 2yrs 6 mths D 2yrs 10mths C 3yrs 8mths

  16. Payback period $18000 $22000 $26000 $26000 $30000 0 OPTION 3: 1 2 3 4 5 Years (NET Cash Flow) $60000 PAYBACK a little harder to find? YOUR TURN A 3yrs 2 mths B 2yrs 6 mths D 2yrs 10mths C 3yrs 8mths

  17. Payback period $18000 $22000 $26000 $26000 $30000 0 OPTION 3: 1 2 3 4 5 Years (NET Cash Flow) $60000 Need $60,00 Add each year until you have covered your investment Sometime in Yr2. Need extra 20,000 out of 26000 in Yr 3. 20,000/26,000= 0.769. 0.769 x 12mths = 9.23 or 10 months approx. PAYBACK = 2 years and 10 months

  18. Payback period WHICH PROJECT? OPTION 1: 3yrs 3mths OPTION 2 3yrs 8mths OPTION 3 2yrs 10mths

  19. Payback period What are the Criteria? OPTION 1: 3yrs 3mths Accept if: 1. Fastest PAYBACK – OPTION 3 OR 2. Meets criteria eg. PAYBACK < 3 yrs – OPTION 3 OPTION 2 3yrs 8mths OPTION 3 2yrs 10mths

  20. Payback Period is? A A method for paying off debts B An approach to help decide on the best investment C The best form of investment appraisal D How long it takes you to pay for equipment

  21. Payback Period is? A A method for paying off debts B An approach to help decide on the best investment C The best form of investment appraisal D How long it takes you to pay for equipment

  22. Payback period WEAKNESSES This method ignores: The total return on the investment project (i.e. the earnings after payback). The timing of the return (slow cash flows to start could result in rejecting profitable projects) .

  23. Investment Appraisal 3 methods: Payback Period Accounting Rate of Return Net Present Value

  24. Average Rate of Return aka Accounting Rate of Return Total Return considered. Expressed as a % OPTION 1: $45000 initial investment OPTION 2 $36000 initial investment OPTION 3 $60000 initial investment

  25. Average Rate of Return aka Accounting Rate of Return Total net cash flows = Total inflows minus initial investment Expected life of asset = Useful life of asset $14000 $14000 $14000 $14000 $14000 Total Net Cash Flows from Asset = Average Annual NCF 0 Expected Life of Asset OPTION 1: 1 2 3 4 5 Years (NET Cash Flow) $45000 Average Annual Net Cash Flows = Accounting Rate of Return Initial Investment

  26. Average Rate of Return aka Accounting Rate of Return $14000 $14000 $14000 $14000 $14000 0 OPTION 1: 1 2 3 4 5 Years (NET Cash Flow) $45000 Total NCF = 70000 – investment 45000 35000/5 = 7000 7000/45000 = 15.5%

  27. Average Rate of Return aka Accounting Rate of Return $10000 $9000 $9000 $12000 $12000 0 OPTION 2: 1 2 3 4 5 Years (NET Cash Flow) $36000 Total Cash inflows = 52000 Life = 5 yrs 52000 – 36000 = 16000/5 = 3200 3200/36000 = 8.9%

  28. Average Rate of Return aka Accounting Rate of Return $18000 $22000 $26000 $26000 $30000 0 OPTION 3: 1 2 3 4 5 Years (NET Cash Flow) $60000 YOUR TURN A 12.6% B 20.0% D 18.3% C 20.7%

  29. Average Rate of Return aka Accounting Rate of Return $18000 $22000 $26000 $26000 $30000 0 OPTION 3: 1 2 3 4 5 Years (NET Cash Flow) $60000 YOUR TURN A 12.6% B 20.0% D 18.3% C 20.7%

  30. Average Rate of Return aka Accounting Rate of Return $18000 $22000 $26000 $26000 $30000 0 OPTION 3: 1 2 3 4 5 Years (NET Cash Flow) $60000 HOW? Total Cash Flows = 122000 Life = 5yrs 122000-60000= 62000/5 = 12400 12400/60000 = 20.7%

  31. Average Rate of Return aka Accounting Rate of Return WHICH PROJECT? OPTION 1: 15.5% OPTION 2: 8.9% OPTION 3: 20.7%

  32. Average Rate of Return aka Accounting Rate of Return What are the Criteria? OPTION 1: 15.5% Accept if: 1. Best ARR– OPTION 3 OR 2. Meets criteria eg. ARR > 16% – OPTION 3 OPTION 2: 8.9% OPTION 3: 20.7%

  33. Average Rate of Return aka Accounting Rate of Return A An unsatisfactory interest rate B An approach to help decide on the best investment C The best form of investment appraisal D aka Economic rate of return

  34. Average Rate of Return aka Accounting Rate of Return A An unsatisfactory interest rate B An approach to help decide on the best investment C The best form of investment appraisal D aka Economic rate of return

  35. Average Rate of Return aka Accounting Rate of Return WEAKNESSES Attaches no importance to the timing of the inflows of cash. A.R.R treats all money as of equal value, irrespective of when it is received. Hence, a project may be favoured even though it only produces a return over a long period of time. .

  36. Average Rate of Return aka Accounting Rate of Return More sophisticated methods take the timing and size of the cash inflows into account. A sum of money in one year's time is worth less than that same sum of money now (i.e. inflation will erode the real value of that sum of money over the year). This is where the notion of present value is used. .

  37. EXAM QUESTION

  38. EXAM QUESTION

  39. EXAM QUESTION

  40. EXAM QUESTION The new machinery will cost $730mExpected net cash flows per year;Year 1 194 Year 2 199 Year 3 207 Year 4 212 Year 5 217

  41. EXAM QUESTION The new machinery will cost $730mExpected net cash flows per year;Year 1 194 Year 2 199 Year 3 207 Year 4 212 Year 5 217

  42. Net Present Value An approach to investment appraisal that takes into account the time value of money

  43. Sophisticated Discounts Cash Flows Net Present Value

  44. The value of future cash flows are discounted back to present day values. A $dollar today is worth more than a $dollar received in the future. Net Present Value

  45. If I gave you $1 today you could invest it in the bank at current interest rates. The same $1 in a years time has not been able to earn that interest so has less value to me in todays terms. Net Present Value

  46. Information you need to calculate: Initial investment Annual cash flows A % discounting rate (k) Net Present Value Present value of net cash inflows minusinitial investment

  47. Net Present Value Present value of net cash inflows minusinitial investment Cash Flow 1 Cash Flow t Cash Flow 2 Cash Flow 3 (1 + k) (1 + k) (1 + k) (1 + k) Cash Flow 0 + + - + 2 3 t = NET PRESENT VALUE

  48. Net Present Value Cash Flow 0 + + - + 2 3 t Cash Flow 2 Cash Flow 3 Cash Flow 1 Cash Flow t (1 + k) (1 + k) (1 + k) (1 + k)

  49. Net Present Value Cash Flow 0 + + - + 2 3 t $14000 $14000 $14000 $14000 $14000 Cash Flow 3 Cash Flow t Cash Flow 2 Cash Flow 1 0 (1 + k) (1 + k) (1 + k) (1 + k) OPTION 1: 1 2 3 4 5 Years (NET Cash Flow) $45000 We will use a discount rate of 8% (.08). You will be given this in the exam

  50. Net Present Value Cash Flow 0 + + - + 2 3 t Cash Flow t Cash Flow 3 Cash Flow 1 Cash Flow 2 14000 14000 14000 14000 14000 (1 + 0.08) (1 + 0.08) (1 + 0.08) (1 + k) (1 + k) (1 + k) (1 + k) (1 + 0.08) (1 + 0.08) + - + + + $45000 4 2 3 5 12962.96 + 12002.74 + 11113.65 + 10290.42 + 9528.16 - 45000 = $10897.93

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