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Soil Fertility Management for Soybean in Argentina

VII World Soybean Research Conference Foz do Iguazu, 1-5 March 2004. Soil Fertility Management for Soybean in Argentina. Fernando O. García INPOFOS Cono Sur. www.inpofos.org. Outline. Soybean production and nutrient availability in different regions Nitrogen management

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Soil Fertility Management for Soybean in Argentina

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  1. VII World Soybean Research Conference Foz do Iguazu, 1-5 March 2004 Soil Fertility Management for Soybean in Argentina Fernando O. García INPOFOS Cono Sur www.inpofos.org

  2. Outline • Soybean production and nutrient availability in different regions • Nitrogen management • Phosphorus management • Sulfur: The most recently deficient nutrient • Balanced fertilization: Nutrient interactions • Fertilization of double cropped soybean

  3. Argentina: Soybean planted area RR varieties Soybean area increased at a rate of 577 thousand ha in the last 12 years

  4. Argentina: Soybean average yield Soybean yield increased at a rate of 49 kg/ha in the last 12 years

  5. Northcentral No current nutrient limitations Northwestern Several areas with low P Northeastern P and K deficiencies Low pH Northern Pampas S deficiency P deficiency Western Pampas Low OM, S deficiency Areas with low P Eastern Pampas P deficiency Southern Pampas P deficiency Soybean production regions and nutrient availability

  6. Nutrient Removal and Application in Wheat, Corn, Soybean and Sunflower Argentina - Average 1996-2001 1090 475 365 228 131 116 15 3.7 Nutrient application was 29%, 45%, less than 1%, and 9% of the N, P, K, and S extracted per year, respectively

  7. P availability in the Pampas region Darwich, 1980, 1993 and 1999 Area I : Low (< 10 ppm) Area II : Medium (10-20 ppm) Area III : Adequate (> 20 ppm)

  8. N management • Seed inoculation is a generalized practice for most soybean farmers • Biological N fixation supplies 30-70% of the total N need (González, 1996) • Direct N fertilization at planting has not shown grain yield responses • Applications at reproductive stages (R1-R3) have shown variable results

  9. Inoculation in Soybean in Fields with Soybean HistoryA. Perticari (2003), INTA Castelar Means of 5 sites of the soybean production areas of Argentina 2001/02 growing season

  10. P management • Soybean response to P fertilization is widespread in deficient soils of the Pampas and the northeastern and northwestern regions • A network of 31 field experiments determined a Bray 1 P critical level of 12 mg/kg for soils of the Pampas (Díaz Zorita et al., 2002) Check P fertilized

  11. Response P (kg / ha) (mg/kg) 150 13 200 12 300 10 400 8 Yield response to P fertilization as a function of soil Bray 1 P 31 field experiments in the provinces of Santa Fe and Buenos Aires2000/01 and 2001/02Network Proyecto INTA Fertilizar Soybean yield response (kg/ha) Soil Bray P (mg/kg)

  12. Recommendations of P fertilization for soybean according to soil Bray P content and yield goal (Echeverría and Garcia, 1998)

  13. Sulfur response in soybeanINTA Casilda - Santa Fe - 1998/99 With S Without S • Full season soybeans • Averages of 6 sites • Rate of 12 kg/ha of S

  14. Sulfur responses in soybean With S • Sulfur deficiencies are common in degraded soils of southern Santa Fe and northern Buenos Aires and in sandy soils of the western Pampas • Average response of 368 kg/ha for full season soybeans in 8 of 11 sites at southern Santa Fe (2000/01). Source: Cordone and Martínez (2002), INTA Casilda • Responses to S of 200 kg/ha or more in 11 of 47 sites in the Pampean Region. Source: Network Project INTA Fertilizar (2001-2002) • Diagnosis of sulfur deficiencies and fertilization recommendations need to be developed Without S Soybean Response to Sulfur

  15. Soybean: Interaction P*S Network Project INTA Fertilizar (Pampean Region , 53 sites) No P With P 3500 3000 Grain yield (kg/ha) 2500 2000 1500 No S S 15 kg/ha

  16. Inoculated + P + S Inoculated No inoculated Inoculated Soybean fertilization at Videla (Santa Fe) - 2002/03H. Vivas y H. Fontanetto – EEA INTA Rafaela

  17. Network AAPRESID-INPOFOS - 2001/02Averages of 10 sites in the Pampean Region

  18. Network Project INTA Fertilizar INTA Cañada de Gomez - G. Gerster et al. - 2001/02 Residual effects in Double-cropped Soybeans Check 2331 kg/ha N in Wheat 2482 kg/ha NP in Wheat 2544 kg/ha NPS in Wheat 3098 kg/ha

  19. Residual effects of NPS fertilization in the wheat for double cropped soybeans 11 sites/years SW Santa Fe-SE Córdoba Thomas et al., 2003 6 sites/years Central Santa Fe Vivas & Fontanetto, 2003

  20. Future research • The role of soil organic P fractions in P supply for soybean • P management for the crop rotation • The development of fertilization recommendations for S • The evaluation of S sources • Potential responses to secondary nutrients and micronutrients (Ca, Mg, B, Mo) • Sustainability of current soybean production systems

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