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Feudal Japan

Feudal Japan. By: Mr. Mark Gonzalez and Ms. Susan M. Pojer Grace Christian Academy of MD. Ancestor Worship. Polytheism. Hyper- Nationalism. Shinto. Great Creator. The World of the kami. Minimize sin & guilt. Torii Gate, Miyajima Island. Torii Gate in Winter. Amaterasu : Sun Goddess.

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Feudal Japan

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  1. Feudal Japan By: Mr. Mark Gonzalez and Ms. Susan M. PojerGrace Christian Academy of MD

  2. AncestorWorship Polytheism Hyper-Nationalism Shinto GreatCreator The Worldof the kami Minimizesin &guilt

  3. Torii Gate, Miyajima Island

  4. Torii Gate in Winter

  5. Amaterasu : Sun Goddess • The Yamamoto clan claimed the emperor was a direct descendant of the sun goddess Amaterasu-one of the main forces of nature in the Shinto religion

  6. Union of Izanami & Izanagi-their daughter was Amateratsuthey also believed to have created the islands that make up Japan Wedded Rocks at Futami no Ura

  7. Tree kami surrounded by sacred boundaries

  8. Yamamoto Period: 300-710 Began promoting the adoption of Chinese culture: • the Yamamoto clan-the 1st and only dynasty to rule Japan • some Confucianism.-but rejected civil service exams-positions given to nobles • Language (kanji characters). • Buddhism practiced alongside Shintoism. • Chinese art & architecture. • Government structure. “Great Kings” era

  9. The current emperor Akihito is a descendant of the 1st Yamamoto emperor (1989-present)

  10. Heian Period: 794-1156 Characteristics: • Growth of large landed estates. • Arts & literature of China flourished. • The Fujiwara family controlled power and protected the emperor Fujiwara family the true political power of Japan • Personal diaries • The Pillow Book by SeiShonagon [10c] • Great novel • The Tale of Genjiby Lady MurasakiShikibu[1000 pgs.+]  • Moving away from Chinese models in religion, the arts, and government. Japan became more isolated

  11. Heian Period:Cultural Diffusion w/ China • Chinese writing. • Chinese artistic styles. • Buddhism [in the form of ZEN]. • BUT, not the Chinese civil service system! 

  12. Heian Court Dress

  13. Tale of Genji (first novel in Japanese language)

  14. Tale of Genji Scroll(first novel) * Ironic: written by a woman during a time in which education for women was discouraged by the Fujiwara family

  15. Lady Murasaki Shikibu She contributed much to the Japanese script known as kana, while men wrote with Chinese characters, kanji.

  16. Minamoto Yoritomo • Set up a military government • Set up a feudal political order similar to Medieval Europe • Talent and discipline rather than noble etiquette Founded the Kamakura Shogunate: 1185-1333

  17. The emperor reigned, but did not always rule! Feudal Society

  18. Japanese Feudalism A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service.Japan Shogun- chief general Land - Shoen Loyalty Land - Shoen Daimyo Daimyo Loyalty Samurai Samurai Samurai Food Protection Peasant Peasant Peasant Peasant The samurai warriors provided police and military protection

  19. Code of Bushido-the way of the samurai • Honor • Courage • Loyalty • Simplicity

  20. Seppuku: Ritual Suicide It is honorable to die in this way if a Samurai fails his master Kaishaku – his “seconds”

  21. Full Samurai Attire

  22. Samurai Sword-the Katana

  23. Early Mounted Samurai Warriors

  24. Samurai Charging

  25. Modern-Day “Samurai Warriors”

  26. European Feudalism A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service.Europe: King Land - Fief Loyalty Land - Fief Lord Lord Loyalty Knight Knight Knight Food Protection Peasant Peasant Peasant Peasant

  27. Code of Chivalry • Justice • Loyalty • Defense • Courage • Faith • Humility • Nobility

  28. Medieval Warriors vs. European knight Samurai Warrior

  29. Medieval Warriors vs. Knight’s Armor Samurai Armor

  30. Zen Buddhism • A Japanese variation of the Mahayana form of Buddhism, which came from India through China. • It reinforced theBushidovalues of mental and self-discipline.

  31. Mongol“Invasions”of Japan 4,400 ships and 140,000 men, but kamikazewinds stopped them. As a result Japan remained closed off from the rest of the world for a while longer

  32. Ashikaga Age: 1338-1573 • Shogunsfought for power. • Laws are unclear. • Less efficient than the Kamakura. • Armies of samurai protected the country. 

  33. CASTLES

  34. Osaka Castle

  35. Main Gate of Hiroshima Castle

  36. Caernorfon Castle, Wales

  37. Warwick Castle, England

  38. R O E N S

  39. The Age of the Warring States:(1467 - 1568) • Castles built on hills in different provinces. • Power shifts from above to below. • Europeans arrive in Japan  bringing firearms & Christianity. • Christianity & foreign trade flourish.

  40. Oda Nobunaga (1534-1582) Banishes the last Ashikaga shogun. Unifies a large part of Japan.

  41. Catholic Jesuits in Japan St. Francis Xavier[First Catholic Missionaries in Asia]

  42. Toyotomi Hideyoshi(1536-1598) • Becomes suspicious of European territorial ambitions. • Orders all European missionaries expelled from Japan.  • Tries to invade Korea, but fails.

  43. First Christian Martyrs (1597): Shrine in NagasakiToday

  44. Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-1616) • Appointed shogun by the Emperor. • Four-class system (a caste system) laid down with marriage restricted to members of the same class!  • Warriors. • Farmers. • Artisans. • Merchants.

  45. Tokugawa Shogunate Period • Japan closed off to all trade-National Seclusion Policy (Japanese cant leave and no foreign travelers allowed) --[except to the Dutch and Chinese].  • The Dutch were restricted to a small island in Nagasaki harbor. • Japanese Christians persecuted and Christianity is forbidden. • The government is centralized with all power in the hands of the shogun. • Domestic trade flourishes. • Towns, esp. castle towns, increase. • Merchant class becomes rich!  • New art forms  haiku poetry, kabuki theater.

  46. Japanese Culture under the Tokugawa Shogunate A unique fusion of Buddhist Chinese and Shinto Japanese culture

  47. Kabuki Theater • An interior of a Kabuki theater.

  48. BunrakuPuppets

  49. Chanoyu: Tea Ceremony

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