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C ITIES 4 P EO P LE

This study explores the micro-based assessment of city attractiveness based on residents' perceptions and their love for the city. The aim is to develop an operational framework for assessing city appreciation in terms of its "soul" and "body" elements. The analysis includes a statistical analysis of survey findings and explanatory evaluation using regression analysis.

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C ITIES 4 P EO P LE

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  1. Happy People in HappyCities: A Microcosmic Approach in RegionalScience CITIES4PEOPLE Marie Hårsman Wahlströma KarimaKourtit a,b,c,d Peter Nijkampb,d,e a Centre for the Future of Places, KTH Royal Institute ofTechnology, Stockholm,Sweden b JADS, ‘s-Hertogenbosch, TheNetherlands c Uppsala University, Uppsala,Sweden d Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan,Poland e Tinbergen Institute, Amsterdam, TheNetherlands

  2. What is a city? What do peoplewant? • What makes the city a ‘real’ andattractive city? --livingenvironment • Cities need to be understood not only from their fundamental architecture, their composition, and their functioning at allscales ranging from micro to meso/macro, but also from the peopleperspective. CITIES4PEOPLE • Microcosmicprinciple notonlyforurban • structure and morphology (e.g. hierarchical decomposition), but also from what people want andlove. • ‘Blowing up the city’ in the form of functional deconstruction and building up again through reconstruction.

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  4. City is a spatially coherent and functionally integrated geographicalsystem • Illustration of the above statement: ancient cities • Modern conceptualization: Piazza Model 5 Systemic View on theCity • Characteristics of PiazzaModel: • Organized spatialentity • Multiple layers anddimensions • Multi-functional and multi- clientfabric • Citizen-oriented • Adaptive evolutionary mechanism • What drivespeople? Manifestation of the Microcosmic Principle! Source: Kourtit, K., Nijkamp, P., Franklin, R.S. and Rodríguez-Pose, A. (2014), A Blueprint for Strategic Urban Research: the 'Urban Piazza', Town Planning Review, 85 (1).97-126.

  5. City attractiveness is hard tomeasure: • A city is complex, serving needsof multiple heterogeneouscitizens • Several diciplines have different understanding of the nature of attractiveness • The operative assessment of attractiveness depends onobjective vs. subjective evaluationmethods • The portfolio of public ameneties, social conditions, historical-cultural identity etc. isvast Cityattractiveness

  6. To pinpoint attractiveness characteristics of cities based on perceptions of urban quality by residents and their affinitywith citylife. • To develop an operational framework for an operative framework for assessing appreciations, in terms of residents’ love for their city, based on its ‘soul’ and ‘body’elements. • . Introduction -Aim • Micro-based (individual) assessment of motives and appreciations of citizens, in terms of their love for thecity.

  7. The empirical analyses – applied to the four largest cities in Sweden (Stockholm, Gothenburg, Malmö andUmea) – will be undertaken invarious steps: (i) Exploratory statistical analysis of the findingsfrom an extensive micro-based survey questionnaire among inhabitants in these four urban agglomerations (today’spresentation) Introduction -Analysis (ii) Explanatory evaluation of the individual appreciation scores, using regression analysis

  8. Data 2573 respondents – residents in four Swedish cities: Stockholm, Malmoe, Gothenburg and Umea. 35 statements describing typical character- ristics of the city in terms of perceptions (Likert scale1-9) 6 statements describing aspects of the residents’ relation to the city (Likert scale1-9) 1 statement regarding the strength of the identity/citysoul 1 open-ended question about the soul of thecity.

  9. (i) Statistical analysis of findings from survey questionnaireamong residents

  10. Results: City Soul – open-endedquestion Some example of quotes fromrespondents: ”… the city is my hometown where I have always lived… I love my city, my streets and neighborhood, the parks where I played. They are the city’s soul tome.” ”History, beautiful buildings in the center, for the creative people within design and architecture, shopping and big events, water everywhere…” ”The water in Stockholm makes the city unique, the beautiful houses, the white boats…At the same time, it is a tough city with unfriendlypeople.”

  11. Attachment 9 8 Results: Aspects of the cityrelation Loyalty - recommend 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Belonging Loyalty - notmove Pride Stockholm Malmö Göteborg Umeå Weightedtotal Satisfaction Identification

  12. The City LoveRelation Descriptive statistics on the variable ‘City LoveRelation’ = mean of satisfaction, recommend and pride. N=no of respondents(unweighted).

  13. Stockholm Malmö Göteborg Umeå Weightedtotal Publicservice 9 8 7 6 Diversity(citizens) Housing Results: Groups of citycharacteristics Walkability Governance 5 4 3 2 1 Gettingaround Image &reputation Symbols &art Commercialservice Accessiblenature Meetingplaces Aesthetics

  14. (ii) Explanatory evaluation ofthe individual appreciation scores, using regressionanalysis

  15. Linear regression results, three different models, weighedtotal. A regression model for the city loverelation

  16. Part of the”Soul” safe/secure beautiful, beautifulbuildings cozyneighborhoods niceattractions/scenery goodstories good reputation, distinctimage statues & symbols,art, symbolicbuildings experiences walkability, nice routes for biking/walking pulse ethnicdiversity access to nice places by water and nature ‘Body’ and ‘Soul’ CityCharacteristics Part of the”Body” good schools, good health care sport facilities universities accessibility by car, bike, publictransportation housing, greenhousing religiousinstitutions supply of shopping, culture and restaurants/cafés small parks, meetingplaces governance – listening to citizens, improving healthetc.

  17. Explaining City Love by ’Soul’ and’Body’ Linear regression results – weighted total. Dependent: City LoveRelation Linear regressions by city of residence (weight off). Dependent: City LoveRelation

  18. Summary • The ‘City Love Relation’ is an interesting construct that can be decomposed into ‘soul’ and ‘body’ perceptions of thecity. • Physical dimension related to public and privatespace • Soul aspect related to urban happiness, satisfaction and appreciations • Both are significant, and aspects related to soul actually with a stronger quantitative impact.

  19. EC GI SS XXQ ER KC

  20. BLOWING UP THE CITYAPPROACH Source: Karima Kourtit, Peter Nijkamp (2018), Big data dashboards as smart decision support tools for i-cities – An experiment on Stockholm, Land Use Policy, Volume 71, Pages: 24 –35. Publication date: February2018 29

  21. THANKYOU!

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