我國 6Bone 規劃及建置經驗

1. 我國6Bone規劃及建置經驗 中華電信北區分公司 互動式多媒體處 嚴劍琴 中華民國九十年三月三十日

2. Contents • IPv6現況 • IPv6 標準及建置現況 • IPv6 位址分配現況 • Worldwide Testbed -- 6Bone • 國外 IPv6 發展現況 • 我國 IPv6 發展現況 • 總結

3. IPv6 標準及建置現況

4. IPv6 標準現況 • IPv6 核心規格多已是IETF Draft Standards=> 已經測試完整 • IPv6 base spec, ICMPv6, Neighbor Discovery, PMTU Discovery, IPv6-over-Ethernet, IPv6-over-PPP,… • 其他重要規格尚未標準化但已在進行中 • 在routing方面更精良的工作（除了OSPF及RIPv6之外）必須完成，如RSVP, multicast routing, Mobile IPv6, header compression, A6 DNS support, 及MPLS等標準仍需要投注心力去訂定 • 最新IETF標準現況: http://playground.sun.com/ipng

5. IPv6 標準現況(續) • 目前缺少的關鍵部分是建置計劃，包括與IPv4間之無縫之互作(seamless interworking)。這種無縫互作之重要是因為Internet目前已經大量建設，不易使廠商或業者投資在此昂貴的v6升級上 • 需有一套將IPv4轉成IPv6之有效率之移轉計劃 • 三個可能發生IPv6的領域是：VPNs, Satellite IP (DBS) 及行動電話之應用。 • 無線網路尋求IPv6以解決移動性IP之問題 • 期望將IPv6納入3G之標準中 • 可能將行動電話客戶使用IP服務而產生的區域性訊務，使用自行建置的IPv6 骨幹。此IPv6網路再與現存ISP業者的IPv4骨幹peering，以使行動電話客戶可至Internet取得一些Web Content及與其他Internet用戶互連。 • UMTS R’00已將IPv6包含至其無線行動之標準內

6. multihoming / address selection address allocation DNS discovery 3GPP usage of IPv6 anycast addressing scoped address architecture flow-label semantics API issues (flow label, traffic class, PMTU discovery, scoping,…) enhanced router-to-host info site renumbering procedures “privacy” addresses address propagation and AAA issues of different access scenarios (always-on, dial-up, mobile,…) and, of course, transition /co-existence / interoperability with IPv4 Recent IPv6 “Hot Topics” in the IETF

7. IPv6 產品發展現況 大部分之 IP stack 廠商均投入一些程度之IPv6研發 • 有些已提供商用 • 如 3Com, *BSD(KAME), Epilogue, Ericsson/Telebit, IBM, Hitachi, Nortel, Sun, Trumpet • 有些已有beta releases • e.g., Cisco, Compaq, HP, Linux community, Microsoft • 有些已聽說要研製 • e.g., Apple, Bull, Juniper, Mentat, Novell, SGI • http://playground.sun.com/ipng

8. IPv6 建置 • 實驗網路: the 6bone • for testing and debugging IPv6 protocols and operations(see www.6bone.net) • 支援學術及教育之網路: the 6ren • CAIRN, Canarie, CERNET, Chunahwa Telecom, Dante, ESnet, Internet 2, IPFNET, NTT, Renater, Singren, Sprint, SURFnet, vBNS, WIDE(see www.6ren.net, www.6tap.net) • 商用網路 • a few ISPs (IIJ, NTT, SURFnet, Trumpet,…) have announced commercial IPv6 service or service trials

9. IPv6 建置(續) • IPv6 位址分配 • 6bone：測試位址 • regional IP address registries (APNIC, ARIN, RIPE-NCC)：商用位址 • IPv6 推動 • IPv6 Forum: www.ipv6forum.com

10. ISP IPv6 建置策略 • 使用何種硬體平台? • What vendor? • Separate or same infrastructure as IPv4? • 何種網路架構? • Native? • Tunneled? • 如何培訓人員? • On the job training • formal training - not yet

11. ISP IPv6 建置問題 • 目前可使用之 IPv6 Routers • limited choice • performance • no line-rate forwarding • no POS interface support • software • transition and advanced features scheduled way into 2001/2002 • sometimes v6 is not in the same code release as other advanced features • bug fixes are not necessarily on the fast track

12. ISP IPv6 建置問題 • Transition and Co-existence of v4 and v6 • Lots of defined mechanisms • Which are easily provided by an ISP? • NAT-PT • 6to4 • Tunnel broker • Which mechanisms provide best performance for the customer?

13. Transition Mechanism (1/2) • Simple Internet Transition (SIT) • Dual-stack strategies • IPv6-over-IPv4 Tunneling • Important features • Incremental upgrade and deployment • Minimal upgrade dependencies • Easy Addressing • Low start-up costs • Tunneling techniques • Configured Tunneling • Tunnel end point address should be determined from configuration information on tunnel starting point • For Host-to-Router and Router-to-Router tunnel

14. 0:0:0:0:0:0 IPv4 Address Transition Mechanism (2/2) • Automatic Tunneling • IPv4-compatible IPv6 address is used as IPv6 destination address • For Host-to-Host and Router-to-Host tunnel Dual-stack node Dual-stack node IPv4 Tunnel Dual-stack node IPv6 H Payload IPv6 H Payload IPv4 H IPv6 H Payload

15. IPv6 位址分配現況

16. 全球 IPv6 位址分配政策 • Bootstrap Phase • Transitional and temporary • Concludes • After first 100 sub-TLA IDs (/29s) have been allocated worldwide, or • After a RIR has allocated 60 sub-TLA IDs in their region • General Phase

17. IPv6 Allocations by RIRs • APNIC 2001:0200::/23 • 21 allocations (/35) • ARIN 2001:0400::/23 • 10 allocations (/35) • RIPE NCC 2001:0600::/23 • 22 allocations (/35) • 6bone 3ffe::/16 • 76 allocations (59 /24 + 17 /28)

18. APNIC Allocations by Country Total Allocations: 21

19. ARIN Allocations by Country Total Allocations: 10

20. RIPE NCC Allocations by Country Total Allocations: 22

21. 6BONE Allocations by Country Total Allocations: 76

22. Worldwide Testbed - 6Bone

23. 6Bone (1/2) • A worldwide testbed : http://www.6bone.net/ • Virtual network • Layered on IPv4-based Internet to support routing of IPv6 packets • To provide the early policies and procedures for IPv6 transport • Operational from June/July on 1996 • Will be replaced in a transparent way by • Production ISP • User network IPv6 Internet-wide transport • Addressing Architecture • global aggregatable unicast address • TLA 0x1FFE is assigned to 6Bone by IANA for testing

24. 6Bone (2/2) • Three types of sites • Backbone Site (pTLA sites) • With its own pTLA assignments • To aggregate routing for other transit sites or leaf sites • With BGP4+ peering with a couple of backbone sites • Transit Site • To aggregate routing for leaf sites • with at least one BGP4+ peering with its backbone site • Leaf Site • With static route peering

25. IPv6 island IPv6 island IPv6 island IPv6 island IPv6 island 6Bone Architecture Backbone Site Backbone Site Leaf Site Tunnel (BGP4+) Tunnel (BGP4+) IPv4 network Tunnel (Static) Backbone Site Transit Site

26. 6Bone Test Address 128 001 TLA RES NLA SLA Interface ID 001 0x1ffe NLA1 NLA2 SLA Interface ID 13 8 24 16 64 3FFE:3600::/24 CHT-TL

27. 6REN (1/2) • 6REN (IPv6 Research & Education Network) is established in October of 1998 • Primary Goals • To provide production quality IPv6 packet delivery services • To develop operational procedures for IPv6 networks • To promote the deployment of IPv6 networks • To enable early IPv6-ready application testing and deployment • A voluntary coordination without fee • Participates must use production IPv6 addresses and provide production quality IPv6 service. • The “6Tap” project sponsored by Canarie and ESnet • To facilitate the easy interconnection of 6REN participants • Over ATM interconnections

28. 6REN (2/2) native IPv6 BGP peering sessions Native IPv6 peers 6TAP router ATM switch for IPv6 @star tap Wide area ATM links from StarTAP participants worldwide Local OC3 link Native IPv6 peer ATM PVCs pre-configured

29. IPv6 Forum • Established in April 1999 by Internet vendors and research and education networks • IBM, Cisco, Compaq, HP, Sun, MCIWorldcom, Microsoft, UUNET, Telebit Communications, Thomson CSF, Case, Acer, NTT, Hitachi, French G6, 6REN, WIDE of Japan, ... • To dramatically improve the market and user awareness of IPv6 • by providing world-wide, equitable access to knowledge and technology • to work closely with the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) • The membership fee per organization is US$ 2500, per annum.

30. Production IPv6 Address (1/2) • Assign sub-TLA to applicants • Slow Start Mechanism are used • To issue small address blocks until the provider can show an immediate requirement for larger blocks. • The first allocation to a TLA registry will be a 2001::/35 block • Right now, in Bootstrap Phase FP TLA Res NLA SLA Interface ID 8 24 16 13 64 001 0x0001 sub-TLA Res NLA SLA Interface ID 16 13 13 13 6 64

31. Production IPv6 Address (2/2) • Examples of assigned sub-TLAs • APNIC • ETRI-KRNIC-KR-19991124 2001:230::/35 • NTT-JP-19990922 2001:218::/35 • HINET-TW-20000208 2001:238::/35 • CONNECT-CC-AU 2001:0210::/35 • ARIN • ESNET-V6 2001:0400::/35 • ARIN-001 2001:0400::/23 • VBNS-IPV6 2001:0408::/35 • CANET3-IPV6 2001:0410::/35 • RIPE-NCC • DE-SPACE-19990812 2001:0608::/35 • UK-BT-19990903 2001:0618::/35 • CH-SWITCH-19990903 2001:0620::/35 • AT-ACONET-19990920 2001:0628::/35

32. 國外IPv6發展現況

33. 日本WIDE v6 Working Group • WIDE (Widely Integrated Distributed Environment) • 於1995開始致力於發展IPv6的環境，主要專注於IPv6技術的研究，至於IPv6產品的開發則由子計劃KAME 負責 • 其目前發展的產品包括了IPv6路由器與主機核心軟體、v6與v4轉換器、以及v6網域伺服器等 • WIDE計劃已向APNIC取得2001:0200::/35的商用位址網段，並開始份配位址給日本的學術單位與研究機構

34. 韓國 • 成立測試平台(6Bone-KR) • 建置6NGIX (IPv6 Next Generation Internet Exchange) 之IPv6商用網路，目前已有ETRI、KT、Dacom、Hitel及hanaro等五個單位申請獲得sTLA商用位址 • KRv6計劃，致力於轉移機制及應用軟體之研發，同時提供測試平台並制定推廣策略。在漸進式的轉移機制中亦規劃了IPv6促進(promotion)策略及位址委發(address delegation)機制。 • 積極參與IPv6 Forum 之相關工作外，對應於IPv6 Forum， 韓國亦於2000年3月成立了Korean IPv6 Forum，以積極促進推展國內之IPv6相關工作。

35. NTT-JP

36. NTT-JP

37. IIJ–IPv6 Trial Service

38. IIJ–IPv6 Trial Service

39. 中國大陸 • 至於在中國大陸方面，其最大之教育研究網路CERNET亦建置如圖五之IPv6網路 • 設立測試平台進行IPv6研究發展 • 目前並已申請到sTLA商用位址。此外，與Nokia合作來建置全國性的IPv6網路並進行關鍵技術研究。

41. ESNET-V6 • ESnet is working to make this transition from IPv4 to IPv6 as seemless as possible for our customers. We are one of the few Internet Service Providers to be a participate in the 6Bone backbone. Our engineering staff is also testing many of the network services we are all familiar in an IPv6 environment. • 6Bone • 6Tap • 6ren • Whois Server • Tunnel Registration • Address Delegation • http://www.es.net/hypertext/welcome/pr/ipv6.html

42. vBNS+ IPv6 Service Overview • Native (not tunneled) IPv6-over-ATM backbone since July 1998 • Dedicated hardware (Cisco 4700s and a 7507 with OC3/ATM) for IPv6 routing. • Full mesh of ATM PVCs among the IPv6 routers. • Backbone provider (pTLA) for the global 6bone. • IPv6-capable web server: www.vbns.net

43. vBNS IPv6 Router Locations 6 6 6 6 6

44. CA*net3 IPv6

45. UK-BT NAT-PT Project • BT Labs have developed an implementation of NAT-PT designed to run on a router running the FreeBSD operating system and using the KAME IPv6 stack. • We are making this implementation available for download to promote its use as an IPv4/IPv6 interoperability mechanism. • http://www.labs.bt.com/projects/nat_pt/index.htm

46. UK-JANET • The JANET Managed Bandwidth Service, initial trials are now taking place in the UK. Southampton has a 512Kbit MBS link to the European TF-TANT network. • Southampton, UCL and Lancaster are embarking on a triangular IPv6 network over JANET, a project which should lead to IPv6 connectivity to Internet 2. • Numerous router and workstation/OS vendors already support IPv6; these trials will report on interoperability issues and application developments. • http://www.ja.net/conferences/networkshop/abstracts/ipv6.html

47. 我國IPv6發展現況

48. 中華電信 IPv6之發展現況 • 6-Bone Trial activities on CHT • As a leaf site since 1997/12 • As a transit sit since 1998/11 • As a backbone site since 1999/02 • IPv6 address from APNIC (2000/02) • inet6num: 2001:238::/35 • netname: HINET-TW-20000208 • Join National Telecommunication project • Provide Broadband IP Network • Join IPv6 testing

49. CHT-TL 6Bone 試用內容 • Techniques and Protocols Trial • IPv6-over-IPv4 tunneling testing • Stateless auto-configuration testing • RIPng and BGP4+ testing • Set up Related Services • DSN server supporting AAA records • WWW server • ftp server • telnet server

50. CHT-TL 6Bone 試用內容(Continued) • Performance and Traffic Monitoring • Traffic monitoring over tunnels with INQMS (IP Network QoS Monitoring System) • RTT (Round Trip Time) comparison between IPv4 and IPv6 traffic