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Class Goals:

Class Goals:. Define and recognize ancestor veneration. Define a corporate group. Contrast biological death with social death. Describe how placement and use of dead may relate to strategies of the living. Compare how ancestors may have been venerated

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Class Goals:

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  1. Class Goals: Define and recognize ancestor veneration Define a corporate group Contrast biological death with social death Describe how placement and use of dead may relate to strategies of the living Compare how ancestors may have been venerated among the Maya, different parts of the Andes, the Levant (Israel & Jordan), and Evita (Argentina).

  2. Ancestor Veneration The act of honoring the biologically dead, often ancestors whom authority, rights, resources, or a mythic past were inherited from. Not all of the dead got to be ancestors. Contrast with ‘trophies’ or ‘relics’ (or even medicines)

  3. Corporate Group A group of people who maintain exclusionary rights to material and non-material resources. Long-lasting and must be maintained over generations. versus Material resources Non-material resources Political office Titles & Names Souls Labor Land Water Animal Herds Taxes EVIDENCE: Interaction or communication between living and dead or Protracted burial rites (like periodically opening tombs) or Curating or using the body (dinged up bones or grave goods)

  4. MAYA Examples Corporate Group = “House Society” Palenque (Mexico) Bloodletting

  5. Pakal’s Tomb

  6. ANDES Examples Corporate Group = “Ayllu”

  7. Chinchorro Mummies 5000 to 3000 BC (world’s earliest) Maritime economy Both natural & artificial mummies

  8. Natural mummy Artificially prepared mummies

  9. BLACK vs RED varieties

  10. Pachacamac (oracle center) -coastal site -tomb reused by corporate/kin group over time -repeated renewal of mummy bundles

  11. Ancestor cults of the Neolithic Levant • Jericho (oldest city?) • Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA, 9,5 to 8,500 BC) “agriculture prédomestique” Younger Dryas • PPNB (8,5 to 7000 BC) early domestication of plants and animals, larger populations

  12. PPNB houses

  13. Plastered & Decorated Skulls

  14. SOCIAL MEMORY Selective reference to aspects of past by the living in order to forge identities or justify inequalities Collective veneration of ‘individual’ ancestors

  15. Role of secondary burial/skull caches in community integration

  16. PPNB ritual • Symbolically and physically integrated households into wider community—ritual stresses egalitarian communal ideal • BUT, not everyone’s skull was plastered and cached—some social differentiation. So emphasis on collective while individual inequality emerges (back to ideology)

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