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Diastrophism

Diastrophism. Results of plate tectonics: 1.volcanism 2.diastrophism 3.earthquakes. diastrophism:. Deformation of crust due to tectonic stress: Folding (bending) Faulting (breaking and displacement). Types of Stress and Strain.

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Diastrophism

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  1. Diastrophism Results of plate tectonics: 1.volcanism 2.diastrophism 3.earthquakes

  2. diastrophism: • Deformation of crust due to tectonic stress: • Folding (bending) • Faulting (breaking and displacement)

  3. Types of Stress and Strain (Stress is force acting on rock; strain is rock’s response to stress) • Compression (shortening) • Extension (stretching)

  4. EXTENSION COMPRESSION

  5. Folding • Compressional stress causes rocks to buckle and fold • Anticline: arch-shaped fold • Syncline: sink-shaped fold

  6. Anticlines begin as ridges ; synclines begin as valleys.

  7. Differential erosion leads to: • Anticlinal ridges and valleys • Synclinal ridges and valleys • Differential erosion: less-resistant types of rock strata will weather and erode more rapidly than more-resistant rock strata

  8. Anticlinal mountain/ridge Synclinal valley

  9. What’s this? Synclinal mountain/ridge

  10. Faulting • Rock is strained beyond ability to remain intact; rock fractures; one side is displaced with respect to the other . • Fault plane: surface along which 2 sides move • Fault scarp: cliff formed along fault face

  11. Fault from Hebgen Lake, Montana earthquake, 1959 What’s this? Fault scarp

  12. Types of Faults 1. Normal Fault: from extensional stress Vertical movement along an inclined fault plane

  13. normal

  14. Horst and Graben(result of normal faulting) Horst : up-faulted block Graben: down-faulted block

  15. Block mountains

  16. 2. Reverse Fault from compressional stress Vertical movement along inclined fault plane such that one side rides up over the other. often creates landslides

  17. reverse

  18. reverse

  19. reverse

  20. 3. Overthrust fault • Reverse fault with very low angle • More horizontal than vertical movement

  21. overthrust

  22. 3. Transcurrent (Strike-slip) Fault horizontal movement no fault scarp

  23. Transcurrent

  24. Transcurrent HEY! Who moved my wood pile?!@*

  25. Transcurrent

  26. San Andreas

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