1. Clinical Audit Yvonne Parnell Claire Kiernan

2. Learning outcomes By the end of this module you will be able to: Define clinical audit and the purpose behind conducting audits Identify the stages of the Audit Cycle Compare report writing versus essay writing Generate an audit report Provide self-assessment and group assessment marks

5. The Audit Cycle

6. Stage 3: Data Collection • Audit Plan (Project Plan) • Showing key activities and dates • Completeness of each stage • Update over next 2 classes

7. Stage 3: Data Collection • Define what information needs to be collected based on your standards. • Exclusions • Set your sample size and sampling technique. • Randomisation or systematic sampling • Detail how you will gather data • Agree and validate the method of data collection. • Form, survey, interview etc • Address any ethical considerations.

8. Consider how the output of your data will help you to improve your problem

9. 1. Defining Info. to be Collected • Information to be collected is defined by your standard Standard = Criterion + Target 70% of new patient forms created from September 2012 to February 2013 use the IPTAS standard abbreviations throughout • No of abb. used correctly/incorrectly • Rate of correct/incorrect abb. per abb. • Lack of use of abb. • Month by month

10. 1. Defining Info. to be Collected • Px code • Clinic office code • First initial of forename and surname plus rx no. • YPLK1 or YPALK1 • YPDB1 or YPADB1

11. 2. Set your sample size & technique • Define your minimum sample size • Set realistic expectations • The larger the sample size the more relevant the results will be • Sampling technique • Randomised – can use excel to generate numbers • Systematic – select every 2nd, 3rd, 4th record etc • State your exclusions • E.g. Incomplete data, outside of timeframe, not within group patients, consent etc.

12. 3. Detail how you will gather data • Describe your collection method • Qualitative – use a scale to help measure • Quantitative – usually numerical • Outline the process of data collection • State the specific steps that you took • These should be repeatable • Detail who was involved in the data collection and what their role was • Describe the ‘data source’ & ‘setting’ • Data source: Areas where data was derived from • Setting: Location data was collected in

13. 4. Data Validation • Check the content of your data collection is both valid and reliable • Validity – the degree to which you are measuring what you are supposed to be • Reliability – the degree to which you are consistently measuring what you want to measure • Outline how your data will be validated and the results of the validation. Include: • Copy of information gathered • Description of sample used in validation • Time period validation was carried out • Results of the validation and changes made

14. 5. Ethical considerations • Describe your methods for protecting: • Patient identity • Practitioner identity • Participant identity • Outline any other considerations and steps taken • E.g. consent

15. Resources – Clinical Audit • Principles for Best Practice in Clinical Audit – NICE Guidelines • http://www.nice.org.uk/niceMedia/pdf/BestPracticeClinicalAudit.pdf • Clinical Audit – A guide for PCS • http://www.rcpi.ie/PC/Documents/Clinical%20Audit%20for%20PCS%20Guide.pdf • HSE – Healthcare audit criteria and guidance • http://www.hse.ie/eng/about/Who/qualityandpatientsafety/Quality_and_Patient_Safety_Documents/guid.pdf • ICGP Audit Toolkit • http://www.icgp.ie/go/pcs/scheme_framework/clinical_audit

16. Resources – Report Writing Guides • Birmingham City University • http://www.ssdd.bcu.ac.uk/learner/writingguides/1.02%20Reports.htm • University of Surrey • http://libweb.surrey.ac.uk/library/skills/writing%20Skills%20Leicester/page_75.htm • University of Canberra • http://www.canberra.edu.au/studyskills/writing/reports • University of Leicester • http://www2.le.ac.uk/offices/ld/resources/writing/writing-resources/reports • Owl Purdue – Writing Skills • http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/ • Engish Club – Grammar • http://www.englishclub.com/writing/caps0.htm