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Pragmatics

Pragmatics. Study of language use Relationship between context and meaning. Context. Situational context Deixis Linguistic context Anaphora Social context. Sentence The students are being really quiet today. Utterance => Stating an observation => Requesting participation

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Pragmatics

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  1. Pragmatics • Study of language use • Relationship between context and meaning.

  2. Context • Situational context • Deixis • Linguistic context • Anaphora • Social context

  3. Sentence • The students are being really quiet today. • Utterance • => Stating an observation • => Requesting participation • => Requesting control

  4. Cooperative Principle • What we say is generally meant to further the purpose of the conversation. • A: What do you do for a living? • B: #I have a job. • # vs * • *I a job have.

  5. Rules of Conversation • Maxim of Quality • Sally has two PhDs. • #Sally has two PhDs, but I don’t believe she does. • I don’t believe it! Sally really does have two PhDs.

  6. Maxim of Quantity • John has 4 children. • A: How did Harry fare in court? • B: Oh, he got a fine.

  7. Maxim of Relevance • A: Can you tell me the time? • B: Yeah, it’s five to two. • Inferences • B: Sorry I don’t have a watch. • B: The mailman just came. • A: Is Gail dating anyone these days? • B: Well, she goes to Cleveland every weekend.

  8. Maxim of Manner • unselective binding to license wh-indefinites • obscure wh-words like ‘who’ and ‘what’ mean ‘someone’ and ‘something’ in some languages.

  9. The Lone Ranger jumped on his horse and rode into the sunset. • #The Lone Ranger rode into the sunset and jumped on his horse.

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