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Lamont Scientists at Sea

Lamont Scientists at Sea. Michael J. Passow Earth2Class Workshops for Teachers Originally presented 25 Sep 2010. Lamont at Sea. The history of Lamont scientists conducting research at sea dates back to before its founding in 1949.

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Lamont Scientists at Sea

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  1. Lamont Scientists at Sea Michael J. PassowEarth2Class Workshops for TeachersOriginally presented 25 Sep 2010

  2. Lamont at Sea • The history of Lamont scientists conducting research at sea dates back to before its founding in 1949. • “Doc” Ewing, the founding Director, and other researchers who started the Lamont Geological Observatory, as it was first called, went to sea on ships run by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, Scripps, and other research centers

  3. “Coring the Deep Sea Floor” • Some of Lamont’s first collected Earth samples are cores collected in 1947 by “Doc” Ewing aboard WHOI’s “Atlantis” • Doc developed an improved “piston corer,” first invented by Borje Kullenberg of Sweden http://oceanworld.tamu.edu/students/forams/forams_piston_coring.htm

  4. LDEO’s Deep-Sea Sample Repository • By now, Lamont’s collection has grown to one of the largest in the world, with more than 72 km (!) of sea floor sediments and more than 4,000 dredge and other samples • Of particular interest are microfossils • and ice-rafted sediments http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/res/fac/CORE_REPOSITORY/RHP1.htm l

  5. “Vema” (1953 – 1981) • Columbia’s first researchvessel • Built originally for E F Huttonas “Hussar” (1923) • First research vessel to log more than onemillion mileshttp://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/res/fac/oma/history/vema.html

  6. “Robert D. Conrad” (1962 – 1989) • Second research vessel tolog one million nautical miles • Conducted wide variety of oceanographic, biological, geochemical, and geophysical research • Among first vessels to use multichannelseismic surveyhttp://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/res/fac/oma/history/conrad.html

  7. “Eltanin” (1962 – 1975) • Designed to serve as one ofthe first Antarctic researchvessels • 420,000 nautical miles from the Atlantic westward into the central Indian Ocean, between 40° and Antarcticahttp://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/res/fac/oma/history/eltanin.html

  8. “Maurice Ewing” (1988 – 2005) • Originally a Petro Canadaseismic survey ship, boughtby Columbia during the 1980s downturn in petroleumexploration, and refitting for scientific research • Over half a million miles (including some logged escaping from Somali pirates in 2001)http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/res/fac/oma/history/ewing.html

  9. …and now “Marcus G. Langseth”

  10. “Marcus G. Langseth” • 235-ft, 3834 gross ton research vessel owned by the National Science Foundation and operated by LDEO • Part of UNOLS (University-National Oceanographic Laboratory System) • Extensively converted – “Ewing replacement plans” http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/res/fac/oma/langseth/index.html Meagan Cummings will discuss more in her part of today’s program

  11. Lamont and Ocean Drilling • Lamont scientists have been highly involved in ocean drilling from its beginning in the 1960s. LDEO was part of the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP), the first step toward today’s multi-national program. • More about the DSDP and the R/V “Glomar Challenger” is available at http://www.iodp.tamu.edu/publicinfo/glomar_challenger.html

  12. Confirmation of the Seafloor Spreading Hypothesis • Almost as soon as the “Glomar Challenger” began its scientific drilling efforts, spectacular results were obtained! • During Leg 3 (1967), a series of cores confirmed that the age of the ocean floor varied, becoming progressive older on opposite sides of the mid-ocean ridgehttp://www.oceanleadership.org/classroom/plate_tectonics_nannofossils

  13. ODP: Ocean Drilling Project1983 - 2003 • DSDP expanded and evolved into the ODP • The JR replaced the “Glomar Challenger”, reflected the new JOIDES and the historic “HMS Resolution” of Captain James Cook • More about the ODP phase can be found at http://www-odp.tamu.edu/index.html

  14. IODP: Integrated Ocean Drilling Program • International marine research program that explores the Earth's history and structure as recorded in seafloor sediments and rocks, and monitors subsea floor environments. • Builds upon earlier successes of the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) and Ocean Drilling Program (ODP), which revolutionized our view of Earth history and global processes through ocean basin exploration. • Greatly expands the reach of these previous programs by using multiple drilling platforms, including riser, riserless, and mission-specific, to achieve its scientific goals.

  15. After a long refit, the “JOIDES Resolution” drilling ship has returned to sea to continue its already- impressive history of making new discoveries! http://joidesresolution.org/ http://www.iodp.org/riserless-vessel/4/

  16. IODP Uses Riser, Riserless, and Mission-Specific Vessels Riser vessel: “Chikyu” Mission-Specific Platforms http://www.iodp.org/mission-specific-platforms/ http://www.iodp.org/riser-vessel/

  17. E2C and Ocean Drilling • Dr. Gerry Iturrino has presented many E2C Workshops about the excitement and achievements gained through ocean drilling, and is part of the “E2C Team” • Other Borehole Research Group scientists have joined us over the years to share what they have helped discover at sea and on land • Recently, Trevor Williams provided “Popular Mechanics Online” reports from the JR

  18. “Pioneers” of the 18th & 19th Century • Capt. James Cook’s HMS Endeavor with naturalist Joseph Banks (1770s) • {Capt. Jack Aubrey’s HMS Surprise with Stephen Maturin} (1800s) • Charles Darwin and HMS Beagle (1830) • HMS Erebus and HMS Terror (1840s) • SS Great Eastern – 1st transatlantic telegraph cable (1860s)

  19. Other Notable Oceanographic Research Vessels “HMS Challenger” (1872 – 76) http://life.bio.sunysb.edu/marinebio/challenger.html

  20. http://www.cousteau.org/about-us/vessels USS Albatross (1880s) Nansen’s Fram (1890s) – polar explorations German R/V Meteor (1920s) (1st research sonar) Swedish R/V Albatross (1947/48) Calypso (Jacques Cousteau, 1940s-80s)

  21. Wood Hole Oceanographic Institution • R/V Atlantis and “Alvin” • R/V Knorr http://www.whoi.edu/page.do?pid=7121

  22. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD • R/V Roger Reveille • R/V Melville http://shipsked.ucsd.edu/Ships/

  23. NOAA and US Navy Research Vessels • Ronald Brown • Bruce C. Heezen • Ka'imimoana

  24. What comes next? • Maybe at some point in the future we will be able to fulfill a dream hatched over lunch in the Lamont cafeteria more than five years ago to take a group of E2C teachers aboard a Columbia ship during a transit cruise, or to have “teacher-at-sea” opportunities during research cruises. Who knows? • In the meantime, we’ll always have kayaks!

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