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Metabolism

Metabolism. Chapter 25. Essential Nutrients. 45 – 50 molecules must be ingested. This includes representatives from the 4 major organic molecule groups, plus a number of inorganic substances such as including water, vitamins and minerals (Na, Fe, etc.). The USDA Food Pyramid.

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Metabolism

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  1. Metabolism Chapter 25

  2. Essential Nutrients 45 – 50 molecules must be ingested. This includes representatives from the 4 major organic molecule groups, plus a number of inorganic substances such as including water, vitamins and minerals (Na, Fe, etc.) The USDA Food Pyramid

  3. Nutrient –A substance in food used by the body for growth, maintenance, energy and repair. • Carbohydrates: 55 – 60 % of daily calories. 125 – 175 g. • Lipid: < 30% of daily calories. 80 – 100 g. • Protein: 0.8g/kg body weight. • Nucleic acids: not established • Water: 1500 ml (average) per day.

  4. Uses of nutrients • Carbohydrate: Primary energy molecule. Also found on cell membranes and as part of structure of connective tissue matrix molecules • Lipid: Energy storage, plasma membrane structure, cushioning, steroid hormones. • Proteins: Enzymes, receptors, hormones, structures of all kinds. Must be “complete” or “complimentary” in order to supply essential amino acids.

  5. Essential amino acids

  6. Energy Metabolism • Metabolism = catabolism + anabolism • Cellular respiration is a series of catabolic reactions that provide energy for the production of • This energy is used to generate ATP from phosphorylation of ADP. • It is a series of Redox reactions. ATP

  7. Summary of steps of energy metabolism

  8. Generation of ATP by “substrate-level phosphorylation”

  9. Oxidative phosphorylation

  10. Overview of cellular respiration

  11. Carbohydrate Metabolism Oxidation of Glucose C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 36 ATP + Heat

  12. Glycolysis: an Anaerobic process. It is the first stage in cellular respiration

  13. Krebs cycle

  14. The Electron Transport Chain

  15. The ETC energy gradient

  16. Summary of ATP synthesisGains & losses

  17. Glycogenesis/Glycogenolysis

  18. Summary of lipid metabolism:oxidation

  19. Metabolism of Triglycerides

  20. Protein metabolism in the Liver

  21. Carbohydrate/fat & amino acid pools

  22. Interconversion of carbohydrate, lipid and protein

  23. Pathways of the Absorptive state

  24. The effects of insulin on metabolism

  25. Major Events of the Postabsorptive state

  26. Influences of Glucagon on blood glucose levels

  27. Pathways of the Postabsorptive state

  28. Composition of Lipoproteins

  29. Hypothetical feeding control mechanism

  30. Heat Balance

  31. Temperature regulation mechanisms

  32. Maynard or Hans?

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