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Fighting the Persian Wars

Fighting the Persian Wars. Chapter 28. www.youtube.com/watch?v=cPUo7b-QVjo Persian Wars – (4:27) From 499 – 479 B.C.E. Athens and Sparta had a common enemy Persian Empire Persia with its powerful kings, was the largest empire ever seen – covered parts of Africa, Middle East, and Asia

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Fighting the Persian Wars

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  1. Fighting the Persian Wars Chapter 28

  2. www.youtube.com/watch?v=cPUo7b-QVjo Persian Wars – (4:27) • From 499 – 479 B.C.E. Athens and Sparta had a common enemy Persian Empire • Persia with its powerful kings, was the largest empire ever seen – covered parts of Africa, Middle East, and Asia • Persian’s invaded Greece • Greece banded with allies • Greece had much less land and fewer people • There were several important battles

  3. Persian empire and Ionian revolt • Persians were a small tribe in Iran • Grew larger by conquering neighbors • Archers won many battles • At height was largest empire ever known • Kings conquered Mesopotamia, Asia Minor Syria, Egypt and parts of India and Europe • King Darius divided empire into 20 provinces (satrapies) and a tax-collection system • Appointed officials for local areas • Conquered people kept own customs and religions • Ionian revolt began 499B.C.E. beginning of Greek-Persian wars • 546 B.C.E. Persians conquered wealthy Greek settlements in Ionia – Asia Minor • They took farm land and harbors and forced tributes and to serve in army • Ionians could not defeat the Persians so asked Greece for help – after first success they went home – then in 493 B.C.E. Persian army defeated small Ionian army • Persians destroyed Miletus and sold people to slavery

  4. Battle of Marathon • www.youtube.com/watch?v=rfIb-JN6abUThe battle of Marathon 490 B.C. (1/2) 9 minutes • www.youtube.com/watch?v=2MPFgezTQCc&feature=relmfu The battle of Marathon 490 B.C. (2/2) 11 minutes • King Darius decided to conquer mainland Greece • He sent messengers to collect earth and water from the Greeks – as tribute – Greeks threw messengers in wells and pits • Sent large army of foot soldiers and cavalry across Aegean Sea – they assembled on the plain of Marathon • Miltiades convinced Greeks to fight there • Athenians sent runner named Pheidippides to Sparta for help (2 days & nights running) was told he could not have any help until the next full moon • Greeks won – but only the beginning

  5. Battle of Thermopylae – the 300 • www.youtube.com/watch?v=GtWdAtnfTUk&feature=relmfuThe battle of Thermopylae 480 B.C. (300 Spartans) 1/2 (9 minutes) • www.youtube.com/watch?v=nO1iRsfbNrY&feature=relmfu The battle of Thermopylae 480 B.C. (300 Spartans) 2/2 (11 minutes) • King Darius died, King Xerxes – his son- attacked Greece • Chose to cross the Hellespont – a narrow sea channel • Made two bridges by roping 100’s of boats together with wooden boards across their bows then walked into Europe • 480 B.C.E. Athens and Sparta worked together • Athenian navy tried to stop Persian navy and King Leonidas would try to stop Persian army • Made stand at Thermopylae with 6-7,000 soldiers against 180,000 Persians

  6. Greek traitor showed Persians a secret path through mountains so could attack the front and back of the Greeks at the same time • Leonidas could only slow down the Persians so he sent most of his troops home. • With 300 Spartans they fought to their death. • A fight the Greeks still remember

  7. Battle of Salamis • when Greece heard of the slaughter in Thermopylae they boarded ships and fled – a small army was left to defend Athens • Xerxes burned Athens to the ground • Athenian navy leader – Themistocles- wanted to fight in the channels between islands and mainland – • had to get their ships into a place called Salamis • sent messenger saying he wanted to join the Persians – and if they attacked now there wouldn’t be a fight • Xerxes fell for the trick – Greeks surround them and rammed them with the wooden rams on the front of their ships – sending 300 Persian ships to bottom of sea – Greece lost 40 ships www.youtube.com/watch?v=wGWO7qog-_0The Battle of Salamis (9 minutes)

  8. Battle of Plataea • Xerxes fled with soldiers • Was afraid Greeks would destroy bridges before he got back across them – they had already been destroyed by storm • He left soldiers to attack in the spring. • Outside town of Plataea 479 B.C.E. attack led by Spartans and 80,000 Greek troops destroyed Persian army • Kept Persia from conquering all of Europe • Thousands of Greeks dead and Athens was left in ruins The initial movements at the Battle of Plataea. The Greek line moves forward to the Asopus ridge. www.youtube.com/watch?v=pkQe8efbYDMGreco-Persian Wars: The Battle of Plataea (9 minutes)

  9. Summary • Athens and Sparta joined forces to defeat Persia • Wars began with the Ionian Revolt and ended 20 years later with the victory at the Battle of Plataea • Athens became center of Greek culture and expanded own empire

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