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REAL TIME

REAL TIME. Now Digitized: Sense/Observe Collect/Distribute Analyze Simulate. Live, Full-scale Giga-Places Peta-Bytes, Tera-OPS Femto-time. Learn. Observe. Decide. Real-time, massive analysis Automated learning Vast, evolving knowledge stores. Interoperable, pervasive networking

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REAL TIME

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  1. REAL TIME

  2. Now Digitized: Sense/Observe Collect/Distribute Analyze Simulate Live, Full-scale Giga-Places Peta-Bytes, Tera-OPS Femto-time Learn Observe Decide Real-time, massive analysis Automated learning Vast, evolving knowledge stores Interoperable, pervasive networking Ubiquitous sensors Act

  3. What If? What is “real time”? Too Late In Time Now Then Real Time Systems: Live, always-on, reactive, interactive, stable, controllable, adaptive

  4. What If? What If? Later Now Then Rate-1 Rate-1 Rate-1

  5. Time Frames and Operation Rates • Observation time – measure, discriminate • Analysis time – communicate, contextualize, understand • Decision time – choose, formulate, distribute • Action time – energize,drive

  6. Sample rates vary with applications

  7. It all begins with simulation… Model of System e.g. airplane Simulator with Human Sensors* *Sensors may be people

  8. MIT Whirlwind (c1951) first real time computer. Begot SAGE (Semi-Automatic Ground Environment)

  9. Sample rate versus utility

  10. Wes Clark, Lincoln Laboratory, and LINC, first PC. LINC: Laboratory Instrument Computer c. 1962Real time processing for bio-medical research.

  11. Real time Sensinge.g. laboratory control, simulators Observers, Model Builders e.g. Scientists REAL WORLD System Sensors* Channel to effect behavior *Sensors may be people

  12. LINC 2007 Vintage Computer Fair(At age 45 … turns 50 next year)

  13. Some other real time computers • Whirlwind: Bright Boys • 1962 LINC that influenced PDP-5 • 8/1963 PDP-5 for interfacing a Canadian research reactor to a PDP-4 (controller) • RT-11 from OS/8 begot CPM >> DOS • RSX-11

  14. Sensing… Observations by human operators Sharing of data To effect change REAL WORLD System Sensors* *Sensor/effector may be people

  15. Real time Control Plain old closed loop control Model of REAL WORLD System Advice (t+1) Controller (Processing, policies and people) REAL WORLD System Sensors* Effectors* *Sensor/effector may be people

  16. Real time and Control with/wo Real World Modeling Model of REAL WORLD System Advice (t+1) Controller (Processing, policies and people) Delays and Noise Sensors* REAL WORLD System Effectors* Delays and Noise *Sensor/effector may be people

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