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The Transatlantic Slave Trade and Colonial Slavery

The Transatlantic Slave Trade and Colonial Slavery. African-American History. 3 Distinct Features of American Slavery:. Slaves not accepted into society & had no legal rights Slave status inherent and passed on to children Mostly unskilled, manual laborers. The Transatlantic Slave Trade.

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The Transatlantic Slave Trade and Colonial Slavery

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  1. The Transatlantic Slave Trade and Colonial Slavery African-American History

  2. 3 Distinct Features of American Slavery: • Slaves not accepted into society & had no legal rights • Slave status inherent and passed on to children • Mostly unskilled, manual laborers

  3. The Transatlantic Slave Trade • Portuguese controlled trade in 1500s, Dutch in 1600s, English in 1700s • 10-11 million slaves crossed the Atlantic • 3.65 million to S. America • 3.32 million to Caribbean • 1.5 million to Mexico & Central America • 600,000 to N. America • Angola & Loango = biggest source overall • Slave Coast dominated after 1740 • East Africa not tapped until late 1700s • More men than women

  4. A Typical Slave Ship • Dimensions: 80’ – 90’ by 25’ • Held 300 – 450 slaves • Voyage lasted 90 – 100 days • 10 – 20% average mortality rate • Outlawed by U.S. & U.K. in 1808 • British abolition movement led by William Wilberforce • France 1831; Spain 1835 • Last known slave ship crossed Atlantic in 1867 • Cuba ended slavery in 1888

  5. The Spanish Empire • Viceroys ruled New Spain & Peru on King’s behalf • Each divided into provinces • Governors & audencias (courts) ruled provinces • Haciendas = large plantations growing cash crops (sugar, cotton, cocoa, tobacco, etc.) • Mines were principle source of wealth for Spain • 16 million kg. entered Spain between 1503-1650 • Crown kept 1/5 (quinto) • Flowed primarily to Spanish Netherlands

  6. Slave Labor in New Spain • Encomienda = grant of Indian labor to mine & hacienda owners • Repartimiento = requirement that Indians work so many days for Spanish • Modeled on feudalism, but no protection for workers • When Indians died off, replaced by Africans

  7. Why Africans Were Enslaved • Eric Williams argues slavery was based on economics, not racism • Indians enslaved first, then white indentured servants used • Black slaves cheaper because held for life & less likely to escape • Winthrop Jordan argues slavery & racism developed dialectically • “black” associated with dirt, death & sin • David Brion Davis argues sugar/slave system moved from Mediterranean to Atlantic islands, & thence to Americas

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