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The Evolution of English: From Beowulf to Modern Language

This lecture explores the fascinating history of the English language, tracing its roots from Old English and the impact of invasions by the Angles, Saxons, Jutes, and Normans. Key events like the burning of the Beowulf manuscript in the 18th century and subsequent linguistic changes due to Viking influences are highlighted. Learn about various language families, including Germanic and Celtic languages, and discover how poetic techniques like kennings and alliteration shaped early English literature.

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The Evolution of English: From Beowulf to Modern Language

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  1. Lecture Notes By Sophie Black

  2. The Burnt remains of the Manuscript • In the 18th Century, the manuscript of Beowulf got burned in a fire. Luckily, it was saved but the burns on the edge of some of the pages show the scarring from the flames.

  3. Roman Languages • Portuguese • Spanish • Italian • French • Spanish • Romanian

  4. Indo European Languages

  5. Germanic Languages

  6. North Germanic Languages North Germany • Icelandic-same as Old Norse • Færoese • Danish • Norwegian

  7. West Germanic Languages Western Germany • German • Swedish • Yiddish • Flemish • Dutch • Afrikaans • Frisian • English

  8. East Germanic Languages • All East Germanic Languages were wiped out. People used to speak Gothic, but that language is no longer spoken.

  9. Celtic Languages • Irish • Welsh • Scottish • Brenten

  10. The Angles, Saxons and Jutes • In 300 A.D to 400 A.D. There was an invasion. Three tribes from North Germany called the Angles, Saxons and The Jutes. They formed a language called Anglaic, named after the Angled, which later was modified into English.

  11. Foothorth • Foothorth was originally a written language used for engraving names given to swords into the sword. It was written with no curving lines, so it was easier to engrave.

  12. What Happened to English After Old English • There were some smaller invasions from the north • Vikings, who spoke Old Norse, simplified English grammar. • IN 1066, Normans invaded from France, Led by Will the conqueror, and took over All of England. Slowly people stopped writing English, because only the poor people spoke it, which led to the language rapidly changing. • It took 100 years for Old English to change to Modern English

  13. Epic Poems • Pets used Kenning-Poetic ways of saying simple things Example-Whale road=Sea • Alliteration helped bards to remember poems; rhyming came later.

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