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Understanding Protists: Diversity, Types, and Impact on Ecosystems

The Kingdom Protista comprises the most diverse organisms, from unicellular protozoa to multicellular algae and fungi-like slime molds. Protists can be heterotrophic or autotrophic, reproducing asexually or sexually. Notable protozoan groups include amoebas, flagellates, ciliates, and sporozoans, the latter being parasitic and responsible for diseases like malaria. Additionally, plant-like protists, known as algae, are crucial to oxygen production and aquatic food chains. This overview highlights the ecological significance of protists in various habitats.

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Understanding Protists: Diversity, Types, and Impact on Ecosystems

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  1. Section 19.1 Summary – pages 503-509 What is a protist? • Kingdom Protista contains the most diverse organisms of all the kingdoms. • Protists may be unicellular or multicellular, microscopic or very large, and heterotrophic or autotrophic. • All protists are eukaryotic.

  2. Section 17.2 Summary – pages 450-459 A Paramecium Protists: A diverse group Anal pore Cilia • Protozoa are unicellular, animal-like heterotrophs. • They usually reproduce asexually, but some also reproduce sexually. Oral groove Gullet Contractile vacuole Micronucleus and macronucleus

  3. Section 19.1 Summary – pages 503-509 What is a protist? • Other protists are plantlike autotrophs, using photosynthesis to make their food. • Plantlike protists are called algae Algae

  4. Section 19.1 Summary – pages 503-509 What is a protist? • Other protists are more like fungi because they decompose dead organisms. • Slime molds and water molds are decomposers. Slime mold

  5. Section 19.1 Summary – pages 503-509 What is a protist? • Some protists cause diseases, such as malaria and sleeping sickness, that result in millions of human deaths throughout the world every year. • Unicellular algae produce much of the oxygen in Earth’s atmosphere and are the basis of aquatic food chains.

  6. Section 19.1 Summary – pages 503-509 Diversity of Protozoans • There are four main groups of protozoans: the amoebas, the flagellates, the ciliates, and the sporozoans.

  7. Section 19.1 Summary – pages 503-509 Amoebas: Shapeless protists • Amoebas form pseudopodia to move and feed. Pseudopodia Cytoplasm Nucleus Food vacuole Contractile vacuole

  8. Section 19.1 Summary – pages 503-509 Flagellates: Protozoans with flagella • Protists which have one or more flagella are called flagellates. • Flagellated protists, such as Euglena, move by whipping their flagella from side to side. Nucleus Chloroplast Mitochondrion Eyespot Flagellum Pellicle Contractile vacuole

  9. Section 19.1 Summary – pages 503-509 Ciliates: Protozoans with cilia Anal pore Cilia • Protists that use cilia to move are called ciliates. Oral groove • Ciliates live in every kind of aquatic habitat—from ponds and streams to oceans and sulfur springs. Gullet Contractile vacuole Micronucleus and macronucleus

  10. Section 19.1 Summary – pages 503-509 Sporozoans: Parasitic protozoans • All sporozoans are parasites. • They live as internal parasites in one or more hosts and have complex life cycles. • Plasmodium are organisms that cause the disease malaria.

  11. Section 19.1 Summary – pages 503-509 Sporozoans and malaria • The life cycle of Plasmodium involves two hosts—mosquitoes and humans.

  12. Section 19.1 Summary – pages 503-509 Sporozoans and malaria Gut wall of mosquito Zygote Gametes Mosquito bites a new, uninfected person Mosquito feeds on infected person Sporozoites Human host

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