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12 sep-2

Daily Current Affairs September 3, 2024 - Copy

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12 sep-2

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  1. DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS September 12, 2024 Mains ( General Studies III ) - Science and Technolgy (Research and Development) Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF) Context Recently, the Finance Minister announced the operationalisation of the Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF). Mains Question 1. Discuss the salient features of the Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF). How will the foundation propel the Research and Development (R&D) Ecosystem in India? Approach 1. Introduce the need to boost the R&D Ecosystem in the country by underlining the low expenditure on the research. 2. Discuss the features of ANRF and its capability to boost the R&D Ecosystem in the country. 3. Conclude with a replication of the US National Science Foundation (NSF) and the need for R&D as par National Education Policy (NEP). About ● Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF) is a statutory body which has been formed by Anu- sandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF) Act, 2023. ● It aims to facilitate research, innovation, and entrepreneurship in various domains in the country. ● It aims to push India towards becoming a knowledge-driven society, following the model of research powerhouses like the US, Germany, South Korea, and Israel. ● Implementing the act aims to propel India’s research ecosystem to enable India to become an R&D pow- erhouse. The Anusandhan National Research Foundation Act, 2023 ● The act repealed the Science and Engineering Research Board Act, of 2008 and dissolved the Science and Engineering Research Board which was set up under it. ● The act established the Anusandhan National Research Foundation (NRF). Functions of the Anusandhan National Research Foundation ● Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF) is the apex board of the country which aims to pro- vide strategic direction for research, innovation, and entrepreneurship in the following fields: 3rd Floor, 36 Pusa Road, Above Kalyan Jewellers, Karol Bagh, New Delhi - 110005 +91 96676 61547, +91 96676 68174 www.avadhojhaclasses.com

  2. Funds of ANRF ● The Act has provided for various sources of funding to the foundation. These are: 3rd Floor, 36 Pusa Road, Above Kalyan Jewellers, Karol Bagh, New Delhi - 110005 +91 96676 61547, +91 96676 68174 www.avadhojhaclasses.com

  3. Governing Body ● The fund is headed by the Prime Minister of India. Union Ministers of Science and Technology and Minister of Education are Vice Presidents. 3rd Floor, 36 Pusa Road, Above Kalyan Jewellers, Karol Bagh, New Delhi - 110005 +91 96676 61547, +91 96676 68174 www.avadhojhaclasses.com

  4. Additional Members: The president of the foundation may appoint and nominate additional members to the Board. These may include: ● Up to five members from business organizations or industries, ● One member from the fields of social sciences and humanities, and ● Up to six experts from natural sciences, engineering, and technology. ● The President can also appoint a Chief Executive Officer, who should be of the rank of an Additional Secretary, or above. Executive Council The Foundation will have an Executive Council which implements the plans and projects. Its functions in- clude: ● Considering applications for the grant of financial assistance, ● Prescribing regulations regarding applications for financial assistance, ● Requirements for extension of assistance, and grounds for revocation of assistance, and ● Preparing the budget of the Foundation and maintaining its accounts. ● Chairperson: The Principal Scientific Advisor is the chairperson of the Council. ● Other Members: Other members of the Council include: Secretaries to various departments of the cen- tral government including Science and Technology, Higher Education, Health Research, Agricultural Re- search, and Defence Research. Significance of the ANRF Bridging Infrastructure Gap The foundation aims to address the infrastructure gap in state and central universities, where 95 per cent of students are enrolled but research capabilities are often non-existent. Access to Funds ● It aims to facilitate timely disbursal of funds, reduce bureaucratic hurdles, and foster industry-academia collaboration. ● Currently, the foundation has been allocated a budget of Rs 50,000 crore over five years where the gov- ernment’s contribution is Rs 14,000 crore, while the rest must be raised from non-governmental sources like industry and philanthropists. Promoting High Risk and Cutting Edge Research The foundation aims to promote an ecosystem which can bear high-risk, cutting-edge research that can flour- ish within academic institutions. Aligning With The Demands of the National Education Policy The foundation aims to align with the goals outlined in the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, which emphasises the need to make India a knowledge-based economy. Supporting Regional Colleges and Universities ● As the country’s prestigious institutions such as IITs, IIMs, AIIMs etc. cater meager 1% of the student community, the foundation aims to induce R&D in state universities and other underfunded institutions and therefore democratize access to quality research infrastructure. 3rd Floor, 36 Pusa Road, Above Kalyan Jewellers, Karol Bagh, New Delhi - 110005 +91 96676 61547, +91 96676 68174 www.avadhojhaclasses.com

  5. ● Hence, ANRF aims to focus on supporting lower Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs). Academic insti- tutions are better suited for this stage of research, where capital requirements are lower, failure rates are higher, and students can contribute significantly to long-term projects. Conclusion The Gross Expenditure on R&D (GERD) in India as a percentage of GDP has remained at 0.66% and 0.64% during the years 2019–20 and 2020–21 respectively which is quite below the global average. The Anushand- han National Research Foundation will give a boost to the lagging R&D in the country and will upgrade India’s research ecosystem as par major economies of the world. It will also help to implement the National Education Policy in real terms. The design of the US National Science Foundation (NSF) has been replicated in the ANRF and has thus the capability of replicating the USA’s success story in R&D. Sources: Press Information Bureau, The Indian Express Prelims - General Studies III - Economy/Schemes Pradhan Mantri Kisan Maandhan Yojana (PM-KMY) Context Recently, Pradhan Mantri Kisan Maandhan Yojana (PM-KMY) has completed five years of its implementation. 3rd Floor, 36 Pusa Road, Above Kalyan Jewellers, Karol Bagh, New Delhi - 110005 +91 96676 61547, +91 96676 68174 www.avadhojhaclasses.com

  6. About ● Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare ● Beneficiaries: Small and Marginal Farmers i.e. farmers with cultivable land holdings of up to 2 hectares. ● Managed By: The Life Insurance Corporation (LIC) manages the pension fund. ● Social Security Scheme: The scheme was launched to provide social security to all land-holding Small and Marginal Farmers (SMFs) across the country. ● Pension Scheme: It is an old-age pension scheme which urges farmers to voluntarily contribute. The farmers in return are entitled to get an assured monthly pension of Rs. 3,000 after attaining the age of sixty. ● Monthly Subscription: Under the scheme, small and marginal farmers can enrol by paying a monthly subscription to the Pension Fund. ● The contribution may vary between Rs. 55 to Rs. 200 per month for Farmers aged between 18 and 40 until they turn 60. ● Common Service Centre: Beneficiary registration is facilitated through Common Service Centres (CSCs) and State Governments. ● Family Pension: Under the scheme, there is a provision for a family pension in case of the death of a subscriber. In this case, their spouse will be entitled to a family pension equal to 50% of the amount the subscriber. ● This is only applicable if the spouse of the deceased farmer is not already a beneficiary of the scheme. Top 10 Beneficiary States Conclusion Pradhan Mantri Kisan Maandhan Yojana (PM-KMY) is one of the social security schemes by the government of India which will cater for the ageing population in the future. As India has currently, the largest demograph- 3rd Floor, 36 Pusa Road, Above Kalyan Jewellers, Karol Bagh, New Delhi - 110005 +91 96676 61547, +91 96676 68174 www.avadhojhaclasses.com

  7. ic dividend in the world with the highest chunk engaged in the agriculture sector. The policymakers are aware ic dividend in the world with the highest chunk engaged in the agriculture sector. The policymakers are aware of the future when this population will retire and thus have tried to bridge the social security gap in the rural areas. Source: Press Information Bureau Prelims Question 1. Consider the following statements with reference to the Pradhan Mantri Kisan Maandhan Yojana (PM-KMY): 1) All farmers irrespective of age and landholding have to contribute Rs. 18 as a premium for the scheme. 2) LIC is the nodal agency for the management of the fund. 3) Farmers will get an assured payment of Rs. 3000 on attaining the age of 60 years. Which of the following statement (s) is/are correct? A. 1 and 2 only B. 1 and 3 Only C. 2 and 3 Only D. 1, 2 and 3 Answer: C Prelims - General Studies III - Defence Yudh Abhyas Context The 20th edition of India-USA Joint Military Exercise YUDH ABHYAS-2024 commenced in Rajasthan. About ● The 20th edition of India-USA Joint Military Exercise YUDH ABHYAS-2024 started in Rajasthan. This joint military exercise was started in 2004. ● Venue: The military exercise is being held at the Foreign Training Node in Mahajan Field Firing Ranges, Rajasthan. ● Schedule of the Exercise: The exercise is scheduled to be conducted from 9th to 22nd September 2024. ● The Exercise YUDH ABHYAS has been held annually since 2004 and is hosted alternatively by India and the USA. ● Participating Contingent: The Indian Army contingent is comprised of 600 personnel. It is being repre- sented by a battalion of the RAJPUT Regiment along with personnel from other arms and services. ● The US contingent comprises similar strengths. It is being represented by the troops of 1-24 Battalion of the Alaska-based 11th Airborne Division of the US Army. ● Objective of the Exercise: The exercise aims to enhance the joint military capability of both sides to undertake counter-terrorism operations in a sub-conventional scenario. This exercise has been designed to focus on operations in the semi-desert environment. ● These bilateral exercises are conducted under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter. 3rd Floor, 36 Pusa Road, Above Kalyan Jewellers, Karol Bagh, New Delhi - 110005 +91 96676 61547, +91 96676 68174 www.avadhojhaclasses.com

  8. Significance of the Excercise ● This exercise enables both sides to share best practices in tactics, techniques and procedures for conduct- ing joint operations. ● It also enhances defence cooperation, further augmenting bilateral relations between the two friendly nations. ● It also facilitates developing inter-operability, bonhomie and camaraderie between the two armies. Source: Press Information Bureau Prelims Question 1. The exercise ‘Yudh-Abhyaas’ is conducted annually between the armies of which two countries? A. India and USA B. India and Sri Lanka C. India and Thailand D. India and UAE Answer: A 3rd Floor, 36 Pusa Road, Above Kalyan Jewellers, Karol Bagh, New Delhi - 110005 +91 96676 61547, +91 96676 68174 www.avadhojhaclasses.com

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