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User Documents and Examples I

This tutorial provides a comprehensive guide for new users of the Geant4 simulation toolkit, including installation instructions, development tips, and novice examples. Users can explore various examples, from basic detector setups with non-interacting particles to complex physics simulations. Key resources include installation guides, application developers’ guides, a code browser, and community forums for troubleshooting and knowledge sharing. The tutorial aims to help users effectively build and run simulation applications while leveraging available tools and resources.

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User Documents and Examples I

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  1. User Documents and Examples I Geant4 Tutorial at Jefferson Lab 9 July 2012 Dennis Wright

  2. Outline • User Documents • Installation Guide • Application Developers’ Guide • Novice Examples • simple: trivial detector with non-interacting particles • detailed: complex detector with full physics • User Aids • LXR source code browser • HyperNews User Forum

  3. Geant4 Web Pages http://geant4.cern.ch

  4. Installation Guide • URL: geant4.web.cern.ch/geant4/UserDocumentation/UsersGuides/InstallationGuide/html/ • List of supported platforms • currently Linux, Mac OSX, Windows • List of required software • C++ compiler, GNUmake, Cmake, Geant4 toolkit • choices for visualization software • How to install using CMake or GNUmake • How to make an executable program • geant4.web.cern.ch/geant4/UserDocumentation/UsersGuides/ForApplicationDeveloper/html/ch02s07.html#sect.HowToMakeExec.Cmake.ExampleB1

  5. Application Developers’ Guide • URL: geant4.web.cern.ch/geant4/UserDocumentation/UsersGuides/ForApplicationDeveloper/html/index.html • Introduces new users to Geant4 toolkit • Describes the most useful tools • Describes how to set up and run a simulation application • Intended as an overview of the toolkit, not an exhaustive treatment. For more details: • Physics Reference Manual • Toolkit Developers’ Guide

  6. Novice Example N01 • - Fixed geometry: Ar gas mother • volume with Al cylinder and Pb • block with Al slices • - Incident particle is a Geantino – • no physics interactions • - No magnetic field and only the • transportation process is enabled • - Hard-coded batch job and • verbosity

  7. Novice Example N02 - Pb target, Xe gas cambers (parameterized volumes) - Detector response trajectories and chamber hit collections may be stored - Visualization of detector and event - Command interface introduced can change target, chamber materials, magnetic field, incident particle type, momentum, etc. at run time

  8. Novice Example N03 - Sampling calorimeter with layers of Pb absorber and liquid Ar detection gaps (replicas) - Exhaustive material definitions - Command interface - Randomization of incident beam - All EM processes + decay, with separate production cuts for g, e-, e+ - Visualization tutorial - Random number seed handling

  9. Novice Example N04 - Simplified collider detector all manner of volume definitions - Magnetic field - Events from HEP primary generator (Pythia) Higgs-decay by Z0, lepton pairs - Full set of EM + hadronic processes uses updated hadronic physics lists - Event filtering using stacking action

  10. Novice Example N05 • - Fast simulation with parameterized showers • EM showers (derived from G4VFastSimulationModel) • pion showers (for illustration only – not used) • - EM physics only • use of G4FastSimulationManagerProcess • - Simplified collider detector geometry (as in Example N04) • drift chamber • EM, hadronic calorimeters

  11. Novice Example N06 • - Water Cerenkov detector with • air “bubble” • - Materials • specification of optical properties • specification of scintillation spectra • - Physics • optical processes • generation of Cerenkov radiation, energy loss collected to produce scintillation

  12. Novice Example N07 - Three simplified sandwich calorimeters (an in Example 3) with Pb, Al, Ar - Cylindrical ghost volumes for scoring - Run-based (as opposed to event-based) hit accumulation - Changing geometries without rebuilding world - Setting different secondary production cuts for each calorimeter using G4Region

  13. LXR Code Browser • URL: www-geant4.kek.jp/LXR/ • Search entire Geant4 source tree by • filename (e.g. G4Track.hh) • identifier • text • Result: a source file fully hyper-linked to classes and methods • tells where classes and methods are defined • also where they are referenced • Also have a doxygenversion: • www-geant4.kek.jp/Reference

  14. HyperNews User Forum • URL: hypernews.slac.stanford.edu/HyperNews/geant4/cindex • See also top of Geant4 home page • Discuss problems with other users, post questions for experts, etc. • 23 forums roughly based on Geant4 categories • 4 forums for specific application areas • New forums may be requested by users • To join: click on “New Member” at top of page and fill out form

  15. Summary • Installation and Application Developers Guides tell you how to get started building Geant4 and then building and running a simulation • There are 7 noviceexamples ranging from very easy to complex • can use these as templates for your applications • A crossreferencebrowser(LXR) is available for studying source code (also doxygen) • A userforum is available for sharing ideas, asking questions

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