Information Technology for Building Operations, Energy Efficiency and Demand Response

1. Information Technology for Building Operations, Energy Efficiency and Demand Response June 9, 2009 Mary Ann Piette Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Demand Response Research Center http://drrc.lbl.gov/

2. Open Automated Demand Response Communications OpenADR Development Goals • Cost - Develop low-cost, automation infrastructure to improve DR capability in California • Technology - Evaluate “readiness” of buildings to receive signals • Capability - Evaluate capability of control strategies for current and future buildings OpenADR Description • Signaling - Continuous, secure, reliable, 2-way communication with listen and acknowledge signals • Industry Standards - Open, interoperable standard communications to integrate with both common EMCS and other end-use devices that can receive a relay or similar signals (such XML) • Timing of Notification - Day ahead and day of signals are provided to facilitate a diverse set of end-use strategies

3. Multi-Objective Optimization Energy • On/off mode/control • Weather/solar/wind • Occupancy/comfort/schedule • Equipment loads • Continuous diagnostics Operating Costs • Rate $/kWh, TOU, demand charges • Dynamic – critical, variable peak, RTP • DR program – shed frequency, duration • Maintenance and operations Emissions • Real-time CO2/kWh (time of day) • Grid or on-site power • Energy source Demand Response/Grid • Loads to limit, shift, shed • Service level control capability • Service level requirements Duration, frequency of DR participation • Spinning reserve participation

4. Control System Testing Using EnergyPlus:Virtual Controls Testbed SPARK + EnergyPlus Virtual Building Real Control System A/D Hardware Algorithms + D/A EnergyPlus & SPARK • Control system tested using design simulation: • Real-time EnergyPlus with hardware interface • Control hardware from the building • Control program as implemented by controls contractor • Pre-commissioning of controls before installation allowed programming problems to be identified and fixed before occupancy • Simulation can provide a quantitative link between design and operations

5. Building Systems Integration Opportunities • Underlying building information model • Performance metrics and benchmarks • Smart integrated design • Efficient technologies • Intelligent, adaptive controls for occupant and facility manager • Smart, grid-responsive component and systems

6. System Integration and Value Office Eq. $ Heating $ Peak Chiller Cooling Size Load Onsite Power Generation Cooling Energy, Peak Lighting Lighting Electric Central Power Generation Design Demand, Strategy Load Shape $ $ $ Initial Cost Annual Cost $ $