What is psycholinguistics?

1. Chapter 6Psycholinguistic aspects of interlanguangeBy: nuha fitriah niken parahita komala putri wardaningsih

2. What is psycholinguistics? • Psycholinguistics is the study of the mental structures and processes involved in the acquisition and use of language 1. language transfer 2. the role of consciousness 3. processing operations 4. communication strategies

3. Language transfer The term language transfer is used to describe what occurs when people who are in the process of learning a new language transfer the applications from their native language, or their first language, to the new language. • No matter how many features L1 transfer, the ability in using L1 is still there

4. Negative transfer (interference) Negative transfer occurs when speakers and writers transfer items and structures that are not the same in both languages • Positive transfer When the relevant unit or structure of both languages is the same, linguistic interference can result in correct language production called positive transfer (when there are similarities between L1 and L2)

5. Avoidance • learners tries to avoid strange or complicated features of second language • Overuse • it may be influenced by first language features

6. Contrastive analysis (CA) • analytical comparison/contrast between two languages in order to find out their similarities and differences Assumption: similarities will facilitate learning while differences will hinder learning

7. Error analysis (EA) • the analysis of students’ errors in learning second language in order to find out the reasons/causes of the errors

8. Restructuring continuum • continuum along which the learner tries to reconsruct his/her interlanguage which is influenced by first language and second language • The starting point is not the learners’ L1, and learners do not proceed by replacing L1 rules with L2 rules

9. The role of consciousness Two opposing opinions about language learning (LL): • intentional learning (explicit learning) • learner explicity (consciously) learns the rules of second language in order to master it • incidental learning (implicit learning) • learner subconsciously learns second language by practice

10. Learner notice At any stage of second language learning, the students practically notice the features of second language. There are a lot of efforts for first language learners in learning his/her first language

11. The processing operations • Operating principles : the study of the L1 acquisition of many different languages has led to the identification of a number of general strategies which children use to extract and segment linguistic information from the language by them. • Operating principles are: 1. avoid interruption 2. rearrangement of second language features 3. avoid exceptions

12. Operating principles provide a simple and attractive way of accounting for the properties of interlanguage.

13. Processing constraints • What distinguishes this work on acquisitional sequences is that it led to and was informed by a strong theory, known as multidimensional model. • To account for progress along the developmental axis a number of processing constraints.

14. The multidimentional model is a powerful theory of L2 acquisition in that it proposes mechanisms to account for why learners follow a definite acquisitional route.

15. Communication strategies Communication strategies are the strategies used by both native and L2 learners to overcome communication problems resulting from lack of linguistic resources/inability to access them.

16. There are some communication strategies : • Avoiding stategy • Substitution/replacement • Borrowing • Paraphrase • Keep quiet

17. Types of computational models • serial model: learn second language feature one at one time • parallel model: learn second language features simultaneously at the same time

18. Thank you...