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Chapter 3 The Solar System

Chapter 3 The Solar System. Section 3 The Outer Planets Notes 3-4. Outer Planets. First four of the outer planets are called Gas Giants Also called Jovian Planets Because they are like Jupiter Larger and more massive than the inner planets Far less dense

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Chapter 3 The Solar System

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  1. Chapter 3 The Solar System Section 3 The Outer Planets Notes 3-4

  2. Outer Planets • First four of the outer planets are called Gas Giants • Also called Jovian Planets • Because they are like Jupiter • Larger and more massive than the inner planets • Far less dense • Made of mostly hydrogen and helium • May have a solid core

  3. Jupiter

  4. Jupiter Fifth planet from the sun Named after Roman king of the gods Mass is twice of the other eight planets combined Orbital period: 12 years Rotation rate: 9hrs 50 mins 63 natural satellites 4 rings

  5. Jupiter • Made mostly of hydrogen = 90% • Liquid metallic hydrogen • Made of ionized protons and electrons under great pressure • Electrical conductor and possibly the cause of its magnetic field • Gets more dense farther into the interior • Made of helium = 10% • Might have a rocky core • 10-15 Earth masses • Temp rises to 30,000°C

  6. Jupiter • Atmosphere • Mixture of hot gases and liquids • Made of ammonia, methane, water vapor and possible sulfur • Winds • Around 400 mph • Extend deep into the planet • Blow in opposite directions in alternating bands

  7. Jupiter • Alternating light and dark bands • Believe the rapid rotation causes the bands • Avg. temp. of atmosphere = -160 °C • Lower layers are 20 °C (around the temp of Earth) • Has lightning and thunderstorms • Even though lightning and methane, ammonia and water vapor are thought to be the beginning of life • NO LIFE

  8. Jupiter • Great Red Spot • Giant rotating storm • 12,000 to 25,000 km • Big enough to hold two earth’s • Has lasted for more than 300 years

  9. Jupiter and Moons in night sky

  10. Io

  11. Io • Named after a nymph that was seduced by Zeus • Made of molten silicate rock (terrestrial) • Most volcanically active place in solar system • Sulfur and sulfur dioxide • Hot spot range from 2000 K to 130 K • Thin atmosphere of sulfur dioxide • No water

  12. Europa

  13. Europa • Made of silicate rock (terrestrial) • Has a thin layer of ice • Looks like sea ice on Earth • Might be liquid water under ice • Dark Streaks • May have been formed by volcanic eruptions of geysers • Oxygen in its thin atmosphere

  14. Ganymede

  15. Ganymede • Largest satellite in solar system • Larger than Mercury • Three different layers • Molten core • Rocky mantle • Icy shell as crust • Oxygen in its thin atmosphere

  16. Callisto

  17. Callisto • 40% ice, 60% rock or iron • Very old surface • Covered in craters • Like moon and Mercury • Oldest surface in solar system • Atmosphere • Made of CO2 • No volcanic activity

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