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Chapter 9 Fluids

Academic and Conceptual Physics Spring 2014. Chapter 9 Fluids. Nature of Matter. All substances are composed of atoms. Atoms are mostly empty space. The mass of the atom is concentrated in the nucleus. Properties of Fluids.

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Chapter 9 Fluids

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  1. Academic and Conceptual Physics Spring 2014 Chapter 9 Fluids

  2. Nature of Matter • All substances are composed of atoms. • Atoms are mostly empty space. • The mass of the atom is concentrated in the nucleus.

  3. Properties of Fluids • Fluids are materials that can flow – they have no definite shape – Liquids and Gases • Density is the mass to volume ratio of a fluid. • ρ = m/V where ρ is density, m is mass and V is volume. Units of ρ are kg/m3

  4. Fluid Density • Solids and Liquids are generally incompressible. • Their densities are nearly constant regardless of pressure.

  5. Fluid Density • Gases are compressible and their densities vary with pressure. • Boyle’s Law Lab

  6. Fluid Temperature • Kinetic theory predicts that temperature is proportional to the average kinetic energy of particles in a gas. • Increasing the temperature of a fluid increases the speed of particles.

  7. The Ideal Gas • The Ideal Gas Law relates the macroscopic properties of Pressure, Temperature and Volume. • If the number of particles of gas are constant, P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2 where P is pressure, V is volume and T is temperature in Kelvin. (K = C + 273)

  8. Archimedes’ Principle • Any object completely or partially submerged in a fluid experiences an upward buoyant force (FΒ) equal in magnitude to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.

  9. For a submerged object, FΒ < Fg • For a floating object, FΒ = Fg

  10. Buoyant Force • The apparent weight of the object depends on the objects density. • Fg (object)/FB = ρ0/ρf where the FBis the weight of the displaced fluid. (Archimedes Lab)

  11. Pascal’s Principle • Pressure applied to a fluid in a closed container is transmitted equally to every point of the fluid and to the walls of the container. • F1/A1=F2/A2where F is Force in N and A is the area in m2.

  12. Pascal’s Principle

  13. Fluid Pressure and Depth • The fluid pressure increases with depth. • P = Po+ ρgh Where P is the absolute pressure and p0 is atmospheric pressure.

  14. Fluids in Motion • The Continuity Equation • A1v1 = A2v2 where A is the area and v is the speed. • Water pressure on the right is less than on the left.

  15. Bernoulli’s Principle • The pressure in a fluid decreases as the fluid’s velocity increases.

  16. Bernoulli’s Principle ISS Demonstrations

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