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Understanding Energy Transfer in Ecosystems: From Sunlight to Trophic Levels

This informative piece explores the concept of energy transfer within ecosystems, highlighting the roles of autotrophs and heterotrophs in the energy pyramid. It delves into the inefficiencies of energy flow, where only 10% of energy makes it to the next trophic level after losses as heat and waste. The content also covers the structure of food webs, decomposers, and the cyclical nature of matter and energy in ecosystems, including the water cycle. For a deeper understanding, visit Brain Pop for educational resources on these topics.

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Understanding Energy Transfer in Ecosystems: From Sunlight to Trophic Levels

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Energy is Transferred!

  2. 1ST Energy Transfer SUNAUTOTROPH

  3. 2ND Energy Transfer HETEROTROPH

  4. 3RD Energy Transfer HETEROTROPH HETEROTROPH

  5. 4TH Energy Transfer HETEROTROPH HETEROTROPH

  6. 5TH Energy Transfer??? HETEROTROPH HETEROTROPH Fungi are Decomposers

  7. FOOD WEBa network of connected food chains

  8. TROPHIC LEVELS = steps in a food chain • 1st trophic levelis theproducer • 2nd trophic level is the primary consumer or herbivore • 3rd level is the secondary consumer or smaller carnivore • 4th level is the tertiary consumer or larger carnivore

  9. Trophic Level# of energy transfers from sun to organism (i.e. each step in a food chain)

  10. Energy Flow is Inefficient ~17% energy stored as fat ~48% energy is lost as HEAT ~35% energy becomes waste

  11. What’s left? Only 10% of energy from previous trophic level is available to next level as food or biomass. This is known as the 10% law.

  12. So, if I start with • 1000 units of energy in my producer trophic level, • What units of energy are available at each trophic level?

  13. Pyramid of Energy PYRAMID OF ENERGY

  14. CYCLE

  15. Matter is re-cycled! Molecules are simply rearranged as they are made and broken down.

  16. Water Cycle • Precipitation/Condensation • Absorption (roots, groundwater/soil, plant leaves) • Transpiration (through stomata in plant leaves). • Evaporation (heat) • BRAIN POP

  17. Brain Pop Videos • http://www.brainpop.com/science/energy/energypyramid/ • http://www.brainpop.com/science/ecologyandbehavior/foodchains/

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