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William Brown III, MA, DrPH (Candidate) eCommunications Specialist Health Research for Action

The CyberSexual Researcher: Online Qualitative Sexual Health Research with African American and HIV+ Men. William Brown III, MA, DrPH (Candidate) eCommunications Specialist Health Research for Action UC, Berkeley - School of Public Health. The Internet & Social Communication

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William Brown III, MA, DrPH (Candidate) eCommunications Specialist Health Research for Action

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  1. The CyberSexual Researcher: Online Qualitative Sexual Health Research with African American and HIV+ Men William Brown III, MA, DrPH (Candidate) eCommunications Specialist Health Research for Action UC, Berkeley - School of Public Health

  2. The Internet & Social Communication Online Research Finding Participants Instilling Trust Online Interviews Getting Intimate Example 1 Online Interviews with Homosexual African American Men Example 2 Participant Observation in Online HIV+ Chat Room The Future of Online Research Outline

  3. Online Research • Both Qualitative and Quantitative • Interviews • Questionnaires • Chat Room Observation • Chat Room Participant Observation • Cyber-Anthropology & Cyber-Ethnography • Profile Content Analysis

  4. Online Research • Why do online research? • Convenient for the participant & researcher • Larger interview pool / sample size • Larger demographic areas • Cost effective • Time efficient • Confidential & Safe • Youth friendly!

  5. Finding Participants • Participant Pool • 93% of American teens ages 12-17 use the internet, as do 84% of those age 18-29,80% of those age 30-49,67% of those age 50-64, and26% of Americans age 65 and older. • Develop an Inclusion Criteria • Age, race, gender, sex, sexuality, education, etc. • Example: Identified as African American, 18+, Had to have two or more non professional pictures • Random selection (Cyber-Fishing) “Teens and Social Media”, Pew/Internet and American Life Project, (2007); “Digital Divisions”, Pew/Internet and American Life Project, (2005)

  6. Instilling Trust • Honest and forthcoming about personal information • Friendly, nonprofessional, business casual picture of yourself • Transparent about your research

  7. Online Interviews:Instant Message Techniques • Pre-type questions • Use smileys/emoticons, punctuation marks, common abbreviations and acronyms (i.e. :-), LOL, capitalization, etc.) • Be cognizant of pauses, symbols, word choice, typos, Capitalization, and typing speed. • Clarify ambiguous/uncommon terms and Ask for clarification on acronyms. • Review instant messaging slang, abbreviations, acronyms, and jargon before hand.

  8. Getting Intimate • Reassure confidentiality • Less personal to more personal material • Ask personal questions respectfully • Never judge, belittle, or question the participants personal experience • Guide the topic rather than dictate it (i.e. “Did that make you feel a specific way?” vs. “did you feel angry?”) • Touching base emotionally

  9. sfsu_william: Can you think of a time when racial practices online have effected how you stay healthy? Isaiah Jackson: maybe. I remember bare-backing with a guy once. sfsu_william: and how was that racially motivated? Isaiah Jackson: the guy wanted me to be filled with ‘White’ cum. sfsu_william: did he say that specifically? Isaiah Jackson: oh, yeah… yeah, LOL. sfsu_william: and did he mean like "cum is white" or "White guy’s cum" Isaiah Jackson: White guy cum. Example: #2, #3, #4 sfsu_william: do guys often bring up race during sex, in some type of role play fashion? Isaiah Jackson: sometimes, yeah. sfsu_william: why did you feel you should comply with his request? Did you want to for the same reason he wanted to? Isaiah Jackson: somewhat, it was hot, or so I thought. sfsu_william: and what do you think now? Isaiah Jackson: I regret it. sfsu_william: because it was unsafe or because of why it happened? Isaiah Jackson: both. Example 1: Online Interviews with Homosexual African American Men

  10. HIV+ Drug/Alcohol Use HIV+ Community support/Connectedness HIV+ Medication Information Sharing HIV+ to HIV- Intentional Transmission Sero-Status as Identity Example 2: Participant Observation in Online HIV+ Chat Room

  11. The Future of Online Research • New technologies • Video chat/blogs (Skype, Ichat, Youtube) • Focus groups or Community Based Participatory Research (CBPR) • Social network sites (Facebook, MySpace, etc.) • Cellular Technologies • Virtual reality

  12. Acknowledgements • School of Public Health, DrPH Program (UCB) • Human Sexuality Studies, MA Program (SFSU) • National Sexuality Resource Center (NSRC) • Internet Sexuality Information Services (ISIS Inc.) • Special thanks to Deb Levine and Andy Woodruff

  13. The CyberSexual Researcher: Online Qualitative Sexual Health Research with African American and HIV+ Men William Brown III, MA, DrPH (Candidate) eCommunications Specialist Health Research for Action UC, Berkeley - School of Public Health

  14. “….I was chatting with someone and after dropping the b-bomb (black bomb), they disappeared, or reading "sorry not into blacks/ Asians etc) gets me a little pissed off….I’ve got pretty low self esteem and I know it has A LOT to do with online rejection because online interaction was, for a long time, my only gay socialization” (Cody Maya) Interview Example #2

  15. “As an 18 year old kid, who is living on his own for the first time, and trying to deal with his sexuality, and trying to find acceptance and thinking that the gay community will offer some sort of comfort and BAM!!!, racial issues complicate things. I remember I was quite angry initially” (Cody Maya) Interview Example #3

  16. Adam Riley: a lot of profiles say "White only" or Latin only"; someone once sent me a message saying "Die nigger of AIDS". I didn't even chat with him sfsu_william: wow, how did that make you feel? Adam Riley: I tried to respond but he ignored me Interview Example #4

  17. Drug/Alcohol Use as a Tool for Socialization and as a Coping Mechanism Hete****: is boxed wine that bad? I usually drink it out of a bottle after you pour it in a wine glass Akak****: Hey get me drunk enough I'm yours, but really I wont remember • Drug use (frequently alcohol) was a very common topic • Drugs have many different functions • i.e. sexual stimulation, coping, socializing, etc. • Examining drug use may help to develop a narrative of coping strategies • Anxiety, alienation, depression, and low self-esteem increase risk for multiple forms of substance abuse

  18. Development of Online Community Support/Connectedness Shop****: march 5th it will be a year since I found out sexz****: you'll be fine no matter what just remember that always sexz****: and you shall be wolf****: I know this may not sound like much but it gets easier as time goes on shop****: really why is that wolf****: life goes on • Internet as a primary point of socialization after learning of sero-positivity • Idea of the Internet as a private and safe space • Communicate in “real time” and decrease chances of social stigma • Connectedness may be essential to manage the negative social milieu of both the hetero and homo social spheres

  19. Medication Information Sharing Among Online Social Networks JusT****: make it the most important thing take your pills on time regularly shop****: im not on any yet JusT****: sweet deal wolf****: ( that is if you decide that medication is the right choice for you ) JusT****: lets hope never • Chat room participants discussed how: • Medication was a physically trying, and difficult aspect of HIV positivity • Need to take medication is different for each HIV+ individual • Get information on how to deal with the side effects • Community encouragement to stay healthy, and to staying true to their anti-retroviral therapy regimen

  20. HIV+ to HIV- Intentional Transmission bare****: anyone into gifting neg holes Chat****: omg sexz****: but that's a crime sexz****: it's a crime to self-respect wolf****: actually sexz**** its not wolf****: yes I agree wolf****: if hes willing and knows the risk hes taking its not chargable by law • One of the most controversial topics among HIV positives • Informing other complicated by the stigma • Protective sexual intercourse is highly encouraged • Contradicting views on the ethical, legal, moral, and social implications • Phenomenon of HIV- seeking out unprotected sexual encounters with HIV • (thrill of danger to health, personal suicide, social marker of historic inclusion, etc.). • Not well received in the online HIV+ gay male community.

  21. Sero-status as Identity Shop****: new to this way of life anyone feelike chattin Sexz****: hi shop**** Chat****: which way of life? shop****: being poz Chat****: ah, ok wolf****: well ...on behalf of everyone .... Welcome • Need to obtain a stable identity • Misperception of HIV+ gay men being welcome in the larger gay society • Difficult for HIV+ gay men to surround themselves with psychological, social, and institutional support systems that promote and affirm their identity and social existence

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