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Understanding Acids and Bases: Properties and Definitions

Explore the properties and definitions of acids and bases, including Arrhenius and Brønsted-Lowry concepts, electrolytes, and conjugate acids and bases. Learn about the reactions and characteristics of various acidic and basic substances.

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Understanding Acids and Bases: Properties and Definitions

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  1. I. Introduction toAcids & Bases(p. 453 - 473) Ch. 15 & 16 - Acids & Bases

  2. A. Properties • electrolytes electrolytes ACIDS BASES • bitter taste • sour taste • turn litmus red • turn litmus blue • react with metals to form H2 gas • slippery feel • vinegar, milk, soda, apples, citrus fruits • ammonia, lye, antacid, baking soda ChemASAP

  3. H H – + O O Cl Cl H H H H B. Definitions • Arrhenius - In aqueous solution… • Acidsform hydronium ions (H3O+) HCl+ H2O  H3O+ + Cl– acid

  4. H H – + N O O N H H H H H H H H B. Definitions • Arrhenius - In aqueous solution… • Bases form hydroxide ions (OH-) NH3+ H2O  NH4+ + OH- base

  5. conjugate base conjugate acid B. Definitions • Brønsted-Lowry • Acidsare proton (H+) donors. • Bases are proton (H+) acceptors. HCl + H2O  Cl– + H3O+ acid base

  6. B. Definitions H2O + HNO3 H3O+ + NO3– B A CA CB

  7. B. Definitions NH3 + H2O  NH4+ + OH- B A CA CB • Amphoteric - can be an acid or a base.

  8. B. Definitions F - H2PO4- H2O HF H3PO4 H3O+ • Give the conjugate base for each of the following: • Polyprotic - an acid with more than one H+

  9. B. Definitions Br - HSO4- CO32- HBr H2SO4 HCO3- • Give the conjugate acid for each of the following:

  10. Conjugate Acids and Bases • HF + H2O F- +H3O+ • CH3COOH + H2O H3O+ + CH3COO-

  11. B. Definitions • Lewis • Acidsare electron pair acceptors. • Bases are electron pair donors. Lewis base Lewis acid

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