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Important Eras in Cinema History

Important Eras in Cinema History. The cultural role of film in the United States. The 1920’s? The 1930’s? The 1940’s? The 1950’s?

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Important Eras in Cinema History

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  1. Important Eras in Cinema History The cultural role of film in the United States

  2. The 1920’s? • The 1930’s? • The 1940’s? • The 1950’s? In groups, brainstorm what you know about each of these decades. What was going on in politics, art, culture, etc. in each of these time periods? Focus mostly on the United States. What do you know about ….?

  3. 1920’s • The silent era • 1930’s • The talkies • The studio era • 1940’s • The “Golden Age” of Hollywood • The War Years • Film Noir • 1950’s • Cold War • Epic Films • Television • 1960’s • End of Studios/Birth of the Independents • 1970’s • American “New Wave” • Blockbuster Era • 1980’s • Teen Films • Sequels • 1990’s • Rise of the Independents • 2000’s and beyond • Computer-based production Breakdown by Decade

  4. The “Roaring 20’s”: • Cultural revolution: extreme changes in fashion, sexual roles, music, etc. • Large break from tradition/older generations • Jazz emerged • Flappers • Women gained the right to vote in 1920 • Prohibition started in 1920 (alcohol was illegal) • Gangland crime became prominent (Al Capone) • The Great Migration (1916-1930) • Beginning of the Harlem Renaissance • Influx of immigrants from Europe, etc. The 1920’s

  5. Flappers

  6. Silent films • Most films were either dramas or comedies • Birth of the movie studios (MGM, RKO, Paramount, Warner Bros, Fox • Emergence of the movie star • Movie Palaces: huge, ornate movie theatres built all over the country to serve the new entertainment of films The 1920’s in Film

  7. Chicago Movie Palaces

  8. His character • the Tramp (slang for a hobo/homeless person) • Similar to a clown (doesn’t speak, physically amusing, sad, shy) • His Role as a Filmmaker • Kept control over most of his films • Produced and directed his own films • Co-founded a film studio with other early stars (United Artists) Charlie Chaplin

  9. What is the message of this image?

  10. The Great Depression • The Works Progress Administration • Escapism • Movies • Books, especially mysteries (detective stories) • World War II • Hitler rises to power in Germany in 1933 • War in Europe begins in 1939 The 1930’s

  11. The Talkies • First Talkie, The Jazz Singer (1927) • All films would then have recorded soundtracks • The Hays Production Code • 1934 – late 1950’s • Rules on what could be shown in movies • ex: no cops killed, no long kisses, no drugs, bad guy can’t get away with it Film in the 1930’s

  12. Steamboat Willie, 1928 • Snow White, 1937 • (first feature length animation) Walt Disney

  13. Escaping our worries • Frank Capra • Italian-American • Directed many films that touched on everyday people in heroic situations • Extremely optimistic films about America; inspiring patriotism and • Musicals • Highly produced films • Mysteries • Detective stories based on popular books and radio shows Film in the 1930’s

  14. Stereotypical Roles • The good-natured servant (mammy, maid, butler, etc.) • The comic • Race Films • All-black cast and crew • Small budget • Hattie McDaniel and Gone with the Wind (1939) • Won Best Supporting Actress for her role as Mammy African-Americans in 1930’s Cinema

  15. You Can’t Take It with You • Directed by Frank Capra • 1938 • Starring Jimmy Stewart, Jean Arthur, and Lionel Barrymore • While you watch, think about • The different messages of the film. • How they show different classes of people (rich vs. poor/working). • How they depict African-Americans Ideas and Ideals in Film

  16. World War II • Begins for the US with the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor • Many, many Americans fought in the war • Largely supported by the American people on the homefront, including rationing, etc. The 1940’s

  17. Women went to work • Segregation existed (in the army too) • Art and entertainment existed as propaganda • Propaganda: the spreading of ideas to support a cause, etc. – often in the form of images The 1940’s

  18. For each poster, describe the character and the message in the image.

  19. What do these posters have in common?

  20. How would you describe the mood of these posters?

  21. What are the goals of these posters?

  22. Film as propaganda and document • Supporting the war • Inspiring for the homefront (those not at war) • Celebrating those involved • Film Noir • Mysteries (often gangster films) • Shot in black and white; high key lighting (high contrast) • Created a formula for mysteries, etc. • Offered an escape from the worries of war, restraint. • Golden Age of Hollywood • Movie stars • Many movies were made Film in the 1940’s

  23. Casablanca, 1942 • A love story set in Northern Africa during the war; major themes of good vs. evil and self-sacrifice A Sampling of 1940’s Films

  24. The Best Years of Our Lives, 1946 • A story about men returning home after the war, very dramatic. Many feel it captured the true spirit of those involved with the time.

  25. The Maltese Falcon, 1941 • Film noir that followed many aspects of the style’s formula; provided an escape from the worries of war, etc.

  26. Emergence of the middle class due to the GI Bill • Development of the suburbs; Baby Boom generation is born • Technological advances • atomic bomb • plastic • Return to traditional gender roles The 1950’s

  27. American Ideals • Supported the new middle class ideals of what was a respectable life • Battling against TV • new technologies (3-D, drive-in, etc) • Science Fiction • The role of science in people’s lives had changed • Teenage films • Rock and roll as a market (Elvis, etc.) was reflected in films for teenagers too, often made with rock and roll stars in them • The New Leading Lady • Marilyn Monroe and others who became sex symbols within American culture • The growing emergence of artistic and independent film • More controversial subjects found their way into the mainstream • New style of acting created new stars (James Dean, Marlon Brando, etc.) who were serious actors Film in the 1950’s

  28. Teenagers and Rock-n-Roll in Film Film in the 1950’s

  29. Marilyn Monroe as the Blonde Bombshell (Gentlemen Prefer Blondes) Film in the 1950’s

  30. Tennessee Williams’ A Streetcar Named Desire • Directed by Elia Kazan, 1951 • Set in New Orleans, Louisiana Film in the 1950’s

  31. 1955 • Directed by Nicholas Ray • Starring James Dean, Natalie Wood, and Sal Mineo Rebel without a Cause

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