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Manual Subjectivity Analysis

Manual Subjectivity Analysis. Preliminaries. What do we mean by subjectivity? The linguistic expression of somebody’s emotions, sentiments, evaluations, opinions, beliefs, speculations, etc. Wow , this is my 4th Olympus camera. Staley declared it to be “ one hell of a collection”.

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Manual Subjectivity Analysis

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  1. Manual Subjectivity Analysis

  2. Preliminaries • What do we mean by subjectivity? • The linguistic expression of somebody’s emotions, sentiments, evaluations, opinions, beliefs, speculations, etc. • Wow, this is my 4th Olympus camera. • Staley declared it to be “one hell of a collection”. • Most voters believethat he's not going to raise their taxes EUROLAN July 30, 2007

  3. Foci of this Talk • Lower-level linguistic expressions rather than whole sentences or documents • Developing an understanding of the problem rather than trying to implement a particular solution EUROLAN July 30, 2007

  4. Overview • Annotate • Subjective expressions • material attributed to a source, but presented objectively EUROLAN July 30, 2007

  5. Overview • Opinions, evaluations, emotions, speculations are private states. • They areexpressed in language by subjective expressions. Private state: state that is not open to objective observation or verification. Quirk, Greenbaum, Leech, Svartvik (1985). A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. EUROLAN July 30, 2007

  6. Overview • Focus on three ways private states are expressed in language • Direct subjective expressions • Expressive subjective elements • Objective speech events EUROLAN July 30, 2007

  7. Direct Subjective Expressions • Direct mentions of private states The United Statesfearsa spill-over from the anti-terrorist campaign. • Private states expressed in speech events “We foresaw electoral fraud but not daylight robbery,” Tsvangirai said. EUROLAN July 30, 2007

  8. Expressive Subjective Elements [Banfield 1982] • “We foresaw electoral fraud but not daylight robbery,” Tsvangirai said • The part of the US human rights report about China is full of absurdities and fabrications EUROLAN July 30, 2007

  9. Objective Speech Events • Material attributed to a source, but presented as objective fact The government, itadded, has amended the Pakistan Citizenship Act 10 of 1951 to enable women of Pakistani descent to claim Pakistani nationality for their children born to foreign husbands. EUROLAN July 30, 2007

  10. EUROLAN July 30, 2007

  11. Nested Sources “The report is full of absurdities,’’ Xirao-Nima said the next day. EUROLAN July 30, 2007

  12. “The report is full of absurdities,’’ Xirao-Nima said the next day. Nested Sources (Writer) EUROLAN July 30, 2007

  13. “The report is full of absurdities,’’ Xirao-Nima said the next day. Nested Sources (Writer, Xirao-Nima) EUROLAN July 30, 2007

  14. “The report is full of absurdities,’’ Xirao-Nima said the next day. Nested Sources (Writer Xirao-Nima) (Writer Xirao-Nima) EUROLAN July 30, 2007

  15. “The report is full of absurdities,’’ Xirao-Nima said the next day. Nested Sources (Writer) (Writer Xirao-Nima) (Writer Xirao-Nima) EUROLAN July 30, 2007

  16. “The report is full of absurdities,” Xirao-Nima said the next day. Objective speech event anchor:the entire sentence source: <writer> implicit: true Direct subjective anchor:said source: <writer, Xirao-Nima> intensity: high expression intensity: neutral attitude type:negative target:report Expressive subjective element anchor:full of absurdities source: <writer, Xirao-Nima> intensity: high attitude type: negative EUROLAN July 30, 2007

  17. “The report is full of absurdities,” Xirao-Nima said the next day. Objective speech event anchor:the entire sentence source: <writer> implicit: true Direct subjective anchor:said source: <writer, Xirao-Nima> intensity: high expression intensity: neutral attitude type:negative target:report Expressive subjective element anchor:full of absurdities source: <writer, Xirao-Nima> intensity: high attitude type: negative EUROLAN July 30, 2007

  18. “The report is full of absurdities,” Xirao-Nima said the next day. Objective speech event anchor:the entire sentence source: <writer> implicit: true Direct subjective anchor:said source: <writer, Xirao-Nima> intensity: high expression intensity: neutral attitude type:negative target:report Expressive subjective element anchor:full of absurdities source: <writer, Xirao-Nima> intensity: high attitude type: negative EUROLAN July 30, 2007

  19. “The report is full of absurdities,” Xirao-Nima said the next day. Objective speech event anchor:the entire sentence source: <writer> implicit: true Direct subjective anchor:said source: <writer, Xirao-Nima> intensity: high expression intensity: neutral attitude type:negative target:report Expressive subjective element anchor:full of absurdities source: <writer, Xirao-Nima> intensity: high attitude type: negative EUROLAN July 30, 2007

  20. “The report is full of absurdities,” Xirao-Nima said the next day. Objective speech event anchor:the entire sentence source: <writer> implicit: true Direct subjective anchor:said source: <writer, Xirao-Nima> intensity: high expression intensity: neutral attitude type:negative target:report Expressive subjective element anchor:full of absurdities source: <writer, Xirao-Nima> intensity: high attitude type: negative EUROLAN July 30, 2007

  21. “The report is full of absurdities,” Xirao-Nima said the next day. Objective speech event anchor:the entire sentence source: <writer> implicit: true Direct subjective anchor:said source: <writer, Xirao-Nima> intensity: high expression intensity: neutral attitude type:negative target:report Expressive subjective element anchor:full of absurdities source: <writer, Xirao-Nima> intensity: high attitude type: negative EUROLAN July 30, 2007

  22. “The US fears a spill-over’’, said Xirao-Nima, a professor of foreign affairs at the Central University for Nationalities. EUROLAN July 30, 2007

  23. (Writer) “The US fears a spill-over’’, said Xirao-Nima, a professor of foreign affairs at the Central University for Nationalities. EUROLAN July 30, 2007

  24. (writer, Xirao-Nima) “The US fears a spill-over’’, said Xirao-Nima, a professor of foreign affairs at the Central University for Nationalities. EUROLAN July 30, 2007

  25. (writer, Xirao-Nima, US) “The US fears a spill-over’’, said Xirao-Nima, a professor of foreign affairs at the Central University for Nationalities. EUROLAN July 30, 2007

  26. (Writer) (writer, Xirao-Nima, US) (writer, Xirao-Nima) “The US fears a spill-over’’, said Xirao-Nima, a professor of foreign affairs at the Central University for Nationalities. EUROLAN July 30, 2007

  27. “The US fears a spill-over’’, said Xirao-Nima, a professor of foreign affairs at the Central University for Nationalities. Objective speech event anchor:the entire sentence source: <writer> implicit: true Objective speech event anchor:said source: <writer, Xirao-Nima> Direct subjective anchor:fears source: <writer, Xirao-Nima, US> intensity: medium expression intensity:medium attitude type:negative target:spill-over EUROLAN July 30, 2007

  28. The report has been strongly criticized and condemned by many countries. EUROLAN July 30, 2007

  29. The report has been strongly criticized and condemned by many countries. Objective speech event anchor:the entire sentence source: <writer> implicit: true Direct subjective anchor:strongly criticized and condemned source: <writer, many-countries> intensity: high expressionintensity:high attitude type:negative target:report EUROLAN July 30, 2007

  30. As usual, the US state Department published its annual report on human rights practices in world countries last Monday. And as usual, the portion about China contains little truth and many absurdities, exaggerations and fabrications. EUROLAN July 30, 2007

  31. As usual, the US state Department published its annual report on human rights practices in world countries last Monday. And as usual, the portion about China contains little truth and many absurdities, exaggerations and fabrications. Expressive subjective element anchor :And as usual source : <writer> intensity : low attitude type :negative Objective speech event anchor :the entire 1st sentence source : <writer> implicit : true Expressive subjective element anchor :little truth source : <writer> intensity : medium attitude type :negative Direct subjective anchor :the entire 2nd sentence source : <writer> implicit :true intensity : high expression intensity :medium attitude type :negative target :report Expressive subjective element anchor :many absurdities, exaggerations, and fabrications source : <writer> intensity : medium attitude type :negative EUROLAN July 30, 2007

  32. Corpus • On my website (in transition due to network migration) • English language versions of articles from the world press (187 news sources) • Themes of the instructions: • No rules about how particular words should be annotated. • Don’t take expressions out of contextand think about what they could mean, but judge them as they are used in that sentence. EUROLAN July 30, 2007

  33. MPQA corpus: http://www.cs.pitt.edu/mpqa direct subjective span: think source: <writer, I> attitude: direct subjective span: are happy source: <writer, I, People> attitude: attitude span: think type: positive arguing intensity: medium target: inferred attitude span: are happy because Chavez has fallen type: neg sentiment intensity: medium target: attitude span: are happy type: pos sentiment intensity: medium target: target span: people are happy because Chavez has fallen target span: Chavez has fallen target span: Chavez Wilson PhD Dissertation 2008 I think people are happy because Chavez has fallen

  34. As usual, the US State Department published its annual report on human rights practices in world countries last Monday. GATE_objective-speech-event (2, 2) nested-source=w implicit=true [] GATE_agent (46, 108) id=report ['its', 'annual', 'report', 'on', 'human', 'right', 'practice', 'in', 'world', 'country'] And as usual, the portion about China contains little truth and many absurdities, exaggerations and fabrications. GATE_expressive-subjectivity (128, 140) nested-source=w polarity=negative intensity=low ['and', 'as', 'usual'] GATE_direct-subjective (128, 128) nested-source=w attitude-link=a100 intensity=high implicit=true [] GATE_target (142, 165) id=t100 ['the', 'portion', 'about', 'china'] GATE_agent (160, 165) id=china ['china'] GATE_attitude (166, 240) intensity=high id=a100 attitude-type=sentiment-neg target-link=t100 ['contain', 'little', 'truth', 'and', 'many', 'absurdity', 'exaggeration', 'and', 'fabrication'] GATE_expressive-subjectivity (175, 187) nested-source=w polarity=negative intensity=medium ['little', 'truth'] GATE_expressive-subjectivity (192, 240) nested-source=w polarity=negative intensity=high ['many', 'absurdity', 'exaggeration', 'and', 'fabrication']

  35. Its aim of the 2001 report is to tarnish China's image and exert political pressure on the Chinese Government, human rights experts said at a seminar held by the China Society for Study of Human Rights (CSSHR) on Friday. GATE_objective-speech-event (248, 248) nested-source=w implicit=true [] GATE_direct-subjective (380, 384) nested-source=w,experts expression-intensity=neutral attitude-link=a110 intensity=medium ['say'] GATE_attitude (248, 357) intensity=medium-high id=a110 attitude-type=sentiment-neg target-link=t2 ['its', 'aim', 'of', 'the', 'report', … 'the', 'chinese', 'government'] GATE_target (259, 274) id=t2 ['the', 'report'] GATE_expressive-subjectivity (281, 288) nested-source=w,experts polarity=negative intensity=medium ['tarnish'] GATE_direct-subjective (252, 255) nested-source=w,experts,report polarity=neutral expression-intensity=medium attitude-link=a120,a130intensity=medium ['aim'] GATE_attitude (252, 255) intensity=medium id=a120attitude-type=intention-pos target-link=t3 ['aim'] GATE_target (278, 357) id=t3 ['to', 'tarnish', 'china', "'s", 'image', 'and', 'exert', 'political', 'pressure', 'on', 'the', 'chinese', 'government'] GATE_attitude (252, 288) intensity=medium id=a130attitude-type=sentiment-neg target-link=t4 ['aim', 'of', 'the', 'report', 'be', 'to', 'tarnish'] GATE_target (289, 294) id=t4 ['china'] GATE_agent (359, 379) nested-source=w,experts id=experts ['human', 'right', 'expert'] GATE_agent (259, 274) nested-source=w,experts,report nested-target=w,experts,report ['the', 'report']

  36. Continued on the next slide… "The United States was slandering China again," said Xirao-Nima, a professor of Tibetan history at the Central University for Nationalities. GATE_objective-speech-event (475, 475) nested-source=w implicit=true [] GATE_direct-subjective (523, 527) nested-source=w,nima expression-intensity=neutral attitude-link=a140 intensity=high ['say'] GATE_attitude (494, 508) intensity=high id=a140 attitude-type=sentiment-neg target-link=t5 ['be', 'slander'] GATE_target (476, 493) id=t5 ['the', 'unite', 'state'] GATE_expressive-subjectivity (498, 508) nested-source=w,nima polarity=negative intensity=high ['slander']

  37. "The United States was slandering China again," said Xirao-Nima, a professor of Tibetan history at the Central University for Nationalities. GATE_direct-subjective (494, 508) nested-source=w,nima,US polarity=negative expression-intensity=high attitude-link=a150 intensity=high ['be', 'slander'] GATE_attitude (494, 508) intensity=high id=a150 attitude-type=sentiment-neg target-link=t6 ['be', 'slander'] GATE_target (509, 514) id=t6 ['china'] GATE_agent (528, 538) nested-source=w,nima id=nima ['xirao-', 'nima'] GATE_agent (476, 493) nested-source=w,nima,US nested-target=w,nima,US id=US ['the', 'unite', 'state'] GATE_agent (509, 514) nested-target=w,nima,US,china ['china']

  38. These are all the annotations It shows that these so-called truths are not true at all," said Xirao-Nima GATE_objective-speech-event (3111, 3111) nested-source=w implicit=true [] GATE_direct-subjective (3170, 3174) attitude-type=negative intensity=high attitude-link=a350,a355expression-intensity=neutral nested-source=w,nima attitude-toward=report ['say'] GATE_attitude (3111, 3167) intensity=medium-high id=a355 attitude-type=arguing-neg target-link=t101 ['it', 'show', 'that', 'these', 'so-call', 'truth', 'be', 'not', 'true', 'at', 'all'] GATE_attitude (3111, 3167) intensity=high id=a350 attitude-type=sentiment-neg target-link=t101 ['it', 'show', 'that', 'these', 'so-call', 'truth', 'be', 'not', 'true', 'at', 'all'] GATE_target (3125, 3147) id=t101 ['these', 'so-call', 'truth'] GATE_expressive-subjectivity (3131, 3147) nested-source=w,nima polarity=negative intensity=medium ['so-call', 'truth'] GATE_expressive-subjectivity (3152, 3167) nested-source=w,nima polarity=negative intensity=high ['not', 'true', 'at', 'all'] GATE_agent (3175, 3185) nested-source=w,nima ['xirao-', 'nima']

  39. Senses Word senses EUROLAN July 30, 2007

  40. Senses EUROLAN July 30, 2007

  41. Non-subjective senses of brilliant • Method for identifying brilliant material in paint - US Patent 7035464 • Halley shines in a brilliant light. • In a classic pasodoble, an opening section in the minor mode features a brilliant trumpet melody, while the second section in the relative major begins with the violins. EUROLAN July 30, 2007

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