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Long Civil Rights Movement Timeline

Long Civil Rights Movement Timeline. Teaching American History Institute Summer 2013. Emancipation Proclamation goes into effect (1863). “The first reading of the Emancipation Proclamation before the cabinet,” July 22, 1862 Painted by F.B. Carpenter ; Engraved by A.H. Ritchie.

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Long Civil Rights Movement Timeline

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  1. Long Civil Rights Movement Timeline Teaching American History Institute Summer 2013

  2. Emancipation Proclamation goes into effect (1863) • “The first reading of the Emancipation Proclamation before the cabinet,” July 22, 1862 • Painted by F.B. Carpenter ; Engraved by A.H. Ritchie. • http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/presp:@field%28NUMBER+@band%28cph+3a05802%29%29

  3. Thirteenth Amendment is adopted, abolishing slavery and indentured servitude (1865) • “Emancipation” Nast, King, Baird • Published in: American political prints, 1766-1876 / Bernard F. Reilly. Boston: G.K. Hall, 1991, entry 1865-3. • http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2004665360/

  4. Fifteenth Amendment is ratified, allowing male citizens the right to vote despite “race, color, or previous condition of servitude” (1870) • “The First Vote,” drawn by A.R.Waud • Nov. 16, 1867, Harper’s Weekly http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/89714362/

  5. Tennessee passes the first of the post-Civil War “Jim Crow” segregation laws (1881) • “Jim Crow Jubilee,” author unknown, c1847 •    http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2001701399

  6. Mississippi enacts its first poll tax (1890) • “Sign, Mineola, Texas,” photographer: Russell Lee, January 1939, • http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/fsa1997025030/PP/

  7. Supreme Court rules separate is equal in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) “Drinking fountain on the county courthouse lawn, Halifax, North Carolina,” photographer: John Vachon, 1938 http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/fsa1997003218/PP/

  8. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is founded (1909) “NAACP officials at the Twentieth Annual Session of the NAACP in Cleveland, Ohio, June 26, 1929.” http://myloc.gov/Exhibitions/naacp/newnegromovement/ExhibitObjects/NAACPCelebrating.aspx

  9. The first training program for African American pilots is established at the Tuskegee Institute (1941) [Seven pilots(?) on airplane, Tuskegee Army Air Field, Alabama], created between 1941 and 1945; official photograph, U.S.A.A.F. by AAF Training Command. http://www.loc.gov/wiseguide/mar03/tuskegee.html

  10. Truman issues Executive Order 9981, establishing equality and opportunity in the Armed Services regardless of race, religion or national origin (1948) “African-American and white soldiers at a base in Italy during World War II.” Source: United States Army photo archive via the Truman Library http://myloc.gov/Exhibitions/naacp/newnegromovement/ExhibitObjects/NAACPCelebrating.aspx

  11. In Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, the Supreme Court rules unanimously against school segregation, overturning Plessy v. Ferguson (1954) “Can a Law Change a Society?” New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/01/weekinreview/01rosen.html

  12. Rosa Parks helps trigger a year-long boycott of the Montgomery, AL, bus system (1955) “Rosa Parks, three-quarter length portrait, seated toward front of bus, facing right, Montgomery, Alabama,” 1956 United Press Association photo, New York World-Telegram & the Sun Newspaper Photograph Collection http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/94505572/

  13. Supreme Court rules that the segregation of Montgomery buses is unconstitutional (1956) • “At the bus station in Durham, North Carolina,” photographer: Jack Delano, May 1940, • http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/fsa1998006256/PP/

  14. The U.S. Military is used to desegregate Little Rock Central High School in Little Rock, AR (1957) • “Soldiers guarding the front of school with local African American students and white students in front. September 26, 1957,” photographer not listed • http://www.pbs.org/nationalparks/media_detail/597/

  15. College students in Greensboro, NC, hold a sit-in to integrate a Woolworth’s lunch counter, launching a wave of similar protests elsewhere. “Demonstrators block the entrance to Colonial Drug Store in Chapel Hill in 1964 to protest its policy of serving whites only.” North Carolina Collection, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Library. Available online through: http://ncpedia.org/civil-rights-movement/nonviolent-protests

  16. The Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) begins to organize Freedom Rides through the South to desegregate interstate public bus travel (1961) “Background Map: 1961 Freedom Rides,” [New York]: Associated Press News feature, Printed map and text, ca. 1962 Geography & Map Division (84.6) of the Library of Congress http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/trr071.html

  17. Malcolm X becomes the national minister of the Nation of Islam. He champions separatism and black pride while rejecting the nonviolent Civil Rights movement (1962) • “Malcolm X,” photographer: Henri Cartier-Bresson, 1961. National Portrait Gallery Collection • http://npgportraits.si.edu/eMuseumNPG/code/emuseum.asp?rawsearch=ObjectID/,/is/,/99018/,/false/,/false&newprofile=CAP&newstyle=single

  18. More than 200,000 people march on Washington, DC, in the largest ever civil rights demonstration (1963) “Civil Rights March on Washington, DC, August 28, 1963” Photograph, Miscellaneous Subjects, Staff and Stringer PhotographsNational Archives, Records of the U.S. Information Agency, Record Group 306 (ARC ID 542045) http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/documented-rights/exhibit/section4/detail/washington-march1.html

  19. Four African American girls are killed in the bombing of the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, AL (1963) “Six Dead After Church Bombing,” United Press International, September 16, 1963 As featured in the Washington Post’s 1996 report on church bombings http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/churches/photo3.htm

  20. During “Freedom Summer,” the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), CORE, the NCAACP, and others organize a massive African American voter registration drive (1964) “Two students registering a Mississippi woman in summer, 1964,” Ted Polumbaum Collection at the Newseum, Washington, DC. Available online: http://www.newseum.org/mississippi/G21767P.htm

  21. President Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act, giving the federal government the power to prosecute discrimination in employment, voting and education (1964) “President Lyndon Johnson signs the 1964 Civil Rights Act as Martin Luther King, Jr., others look on,” photograph by Cecil Stoughton. LBJ Library photo #276-10-WH64. Available online: http://www.lbjlibrary.org/press/lbj-in-the-news/face-the-nation-civil-rights-and-lbj

  22. Martin Luther King Jr. organizes a protest march from Selma to Montgomery, for African American voting rights (1965) “Aerial view of marchers crossing bridge during the march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama in 1965,” New York World-Telegram and the Sun Newspaper Photograph Collection (Library of Congress), 1965. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/00649668/

  23. The Voting Rights Act is passed, outlawing various practices used to disenfranchise African American voters in the South (1965) “President Lyndon B. Johnson speaking before signing the Voting Rights Act,” photographer: Yoichi Okamoto, 1965 LBJ Library photo #A1032-15 Available online: http://www.lbjlibrary.org/press/voting-rights-act-media-kit

  24. The Black Panther Movement is founded in Oakland, California (1966) “Black Panther Convention, Lincoln Memorial,” photographers: Thomas O’Halloran and Warren Leffler. June 19, 1970. U.S. News & World Report Magazine Photograph Collection. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2003688170/

  25. Martin Luther King Jr., is assassinated in Memphis, TN. His murder sparks a week of rioting across the country (1968) “D.C. riot. April '68. Aftermath,” photographer: Warren Leffler, April 8, 1968. U.S. News & World Report Magazine Photograph Collection. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2009632337/

  26. The Equal Employment Opportunity Act is passed, prohibiting job discrimination on the basis of race, as well as several other factors. “Button from March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, 1963,” Smithsonian Civil Rights Collection Available online: http://www.smithsonianlegacies.si.edu/objectdescription.cfm?ID=227

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