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Viruses

This chapter delves into the nature of viruses as non-living entities that require living hosts for reproduction. It explains the distinction between viruses and living organisms, details their naming conventions based on the diseases they cause or the organisms they infect, and explores their varied shapes and sizes. The chapter highlights how viruses invade host cells, taking control of their functions to reproduce, and distinguishes between active and hidden viruses. Readers are encouraged to engage with the material on pages 48-54 and complete questions 1-3 for further comprehension.

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Viruses

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  1. Viruses From Plants to Bacteria Chapter 2.1 Pages 48-54

  2. What is a Virus? ?

  3. What is a Virus? • A small, non-living particle that invades and reproduces in a cell • Non-living because… • It is not a cell • Does not use energy to grow / respond • Do not make or eat food • Do not produce waste

  4. Being a Good Host • Viruses only multiply inside a living cell, or Host • Organisms that live on / in a host and cause harm to the host are called Parasites • When 2 organisms are mutually beneficial to each other, Symbiosis.

  5. Naming Viruses • Not living, so do not use binomial nomenclature • Can be named for… • Disease it causes (Polio) • Organism it infects (Tomato Mosaic Virus) • Scientist who discovers it (Epstein-Barr)

  6. Shapes & Sizes • Viruses vary in both shape and size (p50) • The smallest organism, single-celled bacteria, is 750nm (an atom is 0.1nm) • Viruses average 50-60nm

  7. Equal Opportunity Destroyer • Viruses can infect any organism, including bacteria • This is related to viruses size and structure • Two Parts • Outer Protein Coating • Attaches only to the type of cell the virus will attack • Inner genetic material

  8. Multiply and Conquer • Once attached, the virus enters the cell and takes control of the cell’s functions • Redirects the cell to produce proteins and genetic material to assemble new viruses.

  9. Dual Threat • Active Viruses immediately domineer a cell and begin mass production • Production continues until the host is full of copies, then bursts • Hidden Viruses enter a cell and meld with its genetic material • Eventually (days, months, years later) the virus becomes active • Trigger is unknown • As suddenly as it began, virus can go dormant

  10. What to Work On • Read pages 48-54 • Answer questions 1-3 on page 54 DUE: Friday, October 14th

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