Diabetes Complications

1. Diabetes Complications

2. DKA • Diabetic Ketoacidosis • Most serious complication in Type 1 diabetes

3. Precipitating Causes • Not enough insulin • Stress, trauma • infections

4. Pathophysiology of DKA • Ketosis • Dehydration • Electrolyte imbalance

6. Symptoms of DKA • Abdominal pain • Anorexia • Dehydration • Fuity breath • Kussmaul’s breathing • Change LOC • Hypotension • N&V • Polyuria • Somnolence • Tachycardia • Thirst • Visual disturbances • Warm, dry skin • Weakness • Wt. loss

7. Intervention • Rehydrate • Reverse shock • Give Potassium • Corret pH • Give insulin

8. HHNKHyperglycemic, Hyperosmolar Noketotic Syndrome • Most commonly occurs in older adults with Type II diabetes • Always look for precipitating factors

9. Factors Associated with HHNK • Drugs • Procedures • Chronic illness • Acute illness

10. Four Major Clinical Features • Severe hyperglycemia • No or slight ketosis • Profound dehydration • Hyperosmolality

11. Treatment • Similar to DKA • Find underlying cause

12. Hypoglycemia • Low blood glucose levels

13. Risk Factors • Overdose of insulin • Omitting a meal • Overexertion • Nausea and vomiting • Alcohol intake

14. Symptoms of Hypoglycemia • Adrenergic • Shakiness • Irritability • Nervousness • Tachycardia • Tremor • Hunger • Neuroglycopenic • Headache • Mental illness • Inability to concentrate • Slurred speech • Blurred vision • coma

15. Interventions • Mild • carbohydrate 10-15 gram • Severe dextrose IV

16. Pathogenesis

17. Diabetes Long-term Effects • retinopathy -potential blindness, • Nephropathy- may lead to renal failure, • neuropathy with risk of foot ulcers, amputation, Charcot joints, and features of autonomic dysfunction, including sexual dysfunction. • Vasculopathy-People with diabetes are at increased risk of cardiovascular, peripheral vascular and cerebrovascular disease.

19. Diabetic retinopathy

20. Diabetic foot

21. Thank you!