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Comprehensive Overview of Pinyin Basics: Initials, Finals, and Special Rules

This summary provides an overview of the basics of Pinyin, crucial for mastering Mandarin pronunciation. Pinyin consists of 21 initials categorized into six groups: labials, velars, palatals, alveolars, dental sibilants, and retroflex. There are 38 finals, divided into simple, compound, and nasal finals. Special rules for tone and pronunciation, such as adjustments for final sounds and omissions, are outlined. Essential phrases and exercises are included to reinforce learning, making this a valuable resource for beginners in Mandarin.

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Comprehensive Overview of Pinyin Basics: Initials, Finals, and Special Rules

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  1. Pinyin Foundation (6) 拼音基础

  2. Summary of Initials There are 21 initials. They can be categorized into six groups: • labials • velars • palatals • alveolars • dental sibilants • retroflex

  3. Summary of Finals There are 38 finals which can be categorized into three groups: • simple finals • compound finals • nasal finals.

  4. Special Pinyin Rules 1. If i u ü have no initial consonant, then: i  y ya ye yao yan yong you yi yin ying u  w wa wo wai wang wu wei wen ü  yu yu yue yuan yun

  5. Special Pinyin Rules (cont’) 2. When the final “uei” has an initial, it is written as “ui.” uei  ui dui tui gui kui hui

  6. Special Pinyin Rules (cont’) 3. When the final “iou” has an initial, it is written as “iu.” iou  iu liu niu jiu qiu xiu 4. When the final “uen” has an initial, it is written as “un.” uen  un zun cun sun zhun chun shun

  7. Special Pinyin Rules (cont’) 5. The initials j q x can be followed by -ü, but not by -u. Therefore, the two dots on ü can be omitted without anbiguity. For example: ju qu xu juan quan xuan jun qun xun

  8. Special Pinyin Rules (cont’) 6. Neutral tone: Some syllables are unstressed; this is known as the neutral tone. No tone mark over a neutral tone syllable. For example: bàba爸爸(Dad) māma妈妈(Mom) gēge哥哥(elder brother) jiějie姐姐(elder sister)

  9. F-27 Listen to each syllable, then fill in the blank with correct tone and final: 1. y_____ 9. j_____ 2. y_____ 10. q_____ 3. h_____ 11. zh_____ 4. zh_____ 12. ch_____ 5. m_____ 13. l_____ 6. n_____ 14. n_____ 7. s_____ 15. b_____ 8. ch_____ 16. y_____

  10. Classroom expressions: Chinese:很好。 Pinyin: Hěn hǎo. English: Very good. Chinese: 不好。 Pinyin: Bù hǎo. English: Not good.

  11. Homework • Complete Exercise 5. For the Pinyin pronunciation, go to the Chinese Link website. http://wps.prenhall.com/wl_wu_chineselink_1/39/10025/2566510.cw/index.html Click Workbook: Homework Audio  5-1.

  12. Answer to In-class Practice 1. yào 药 9. jù 锯 2. yún 云 10. quán 权 3. huí 回 11. zhuī 追 4. zhǔn 准 12. chuī 吹 5. měi 美13. lǜ 绿 6. niú 牛14. nǚ 女 7. sūn 孙15. bù 不 8. chūn 春16. yìng 硬

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