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Prof (Mrs) Karesh Prasad (Ex Lt Col) MSc (N) R.N R.M Principal People’s College of Nursing Bhopal

Prof (Mrs) Karesh Prasad (Ex Lt Col) MSc (N) R.N R.M Principal People’s College of Nursing Bhopal. First Aid & Emergency Nursing. DEFINITION. FIRST AID IS THE IMMEDIATE AND TEMPORARY CARE GIVEN TO AN INJURED OR SICK PERSON UNTIL THE SERVICE OF A DOCTOR OR MEDICAL AID IS MADE AVILABLE.

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Prof (Mrs) Karesh Prasad (Ex Lt Col) MSc (N) R.N R.M Principal People’s College of Nursing Bhopal

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  1. Prof (Mrs) Karesh Prasad (Ex Lt Col) MSc (N) R.N R.M Principal People’s College of Nursing Bhopal

  2. First Aid & Emergency Nursing

  3. DEFINITION FIRST AID IS THE IMMEDIATE AND TEMPORARY CARE GIVEN TO AN INJURED OR SICK PERSON UNTIL THE SERVICE OF A DOCTOR OR MEDICAL AID IS MADE AVILABLE

  4. PURPOSE SAVE AND SUSTAIN LIFE RELIVE PAIN PROMOTE SPEEDY RECOVERY PREVENT DISABILITY AND DEATH ARRANGE EARLY AND SPEEDY TRANSPORTATION

  5. QUALITIES OF FIRST AIDER • OBSERVANT • TACTFUL • RESOURCEFUL • EXPLICIT • DISCRIMINATING

  6. GOLDEN RULES OF FIRST AID • BE CALM QUIET AND METHODICAL OBSERVE ALL THE WOUNDS& INJURIES& GIVE FIRST AID ACCORDINGLY WITHOUT LOOSING PATIENCE • REASSURE THE CASUALITY • DO NOT ALLOW THE CROWD TOGATHER AROUND THE CASUALITY • IF BREATHING STOPS GIVE ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION IMMEDIATELY • STOP BLEEDING • PREVENT & TREAT SHOCK

  7. GOLDEN RULES CONT… • KEEP VICTIM WARM& DO NOT MOVE HIM UNNECESSARILY • DO NOT TAKE OFF THE CLOTHES FROM THE BODY OF A SEVERELY INJURED PERSON • ARRANGE FOR IMMEDIATE TRANSPORTATION • INFORM POLICE ABOUT SERIOUS ACCIDENT

  8. Priorities Of Treatment • Examination & Diagnosis • CPR • Control Bleeding • Treat Shock • Immobilise Fracture • Treat burns • ENT & other injuries • Transportation

  9. UNCONCIOUSNESS • UNCONCIOUSNESSOCCURS DUE TO DISTURBAANCE IN THE FUNCTIONING OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ALSO INDICATING SERIOUS INJURIES OR DISEAS ELSEWHERE IN THE BODY

  10. TYPES OF UNCONCIOUSNESS • STUPOR A STATE OF SEMI UNCONCIOUSNESS FAINTING TEMPERORY LOSS OF CONCIOSNESS SOMNOLENT A STATE ODROWSINESS OR SLEEPYNESS COMA COMPLETE LOSS OF CONCIOUSNESS

  11. CAUSES OF UNCONCIOUSNESS • REMEMBER A, E, I, O, U • A- ACCIDENT, ALCOHOL, ASPHYXIA,ANESTHESIA • E- ECLAMPSIA, EPILEPSY • I- INJECTION, INSULIN, ,INTERNAL HAEMORRHAGE • O- OPIUM POSION, COMA • U- UREMIA

  12. SIGNS & Symptoms • Pale face & weak pulse • Person is restless • Extremities & body is cold & clammy • Respiration is shallow pulse is rapid & weak • Hypo tension present • Patient may not respond to stimuli. Dilated pupils not responding to light

  13. First aid in general consciousness • Treatment depends on the cause • Try to arouse the causality but do not move unnecessarily as there may be spinal injury. • Do not overcrowd. Allow fresh air. • Loosen clothes at neck, chest & waist • Turn the head to one side side& keep the head low • Never give anything orally • Give CPR if required • Call for help

  14. FAINTING • It is due to insufficient blood supply to the brain • CAUSES- Hunger, emotional shock, long standing overcrowding ,fatigue ,bleeding &severe pain • S/S-Feels giddy looks pale, collapses on ground ,bradycardia, skin cold & clammy,breathing shallow & rapid • F/A-Lay flat.Raise the foot end.Loosen tight clothes.A void overcrowding. Offer hot tea or coffee. If does not recover seek medical aid

  15. EPILEPSY • It is the involuntary contraction of the muscles of body due to disturbed electrical impulses in the brain accompanied by unconsciousness • Causes-Head injury, hypoxia,poisoning hyper pyrexia, hypo perfusion • S/S- • Aura or warning stage • Tonic stage • Clonic stage • Recovery stage

  16. FIRST AID IN EPILEPSY • Make the environment safe • Do not attempt to stop convulsions • Prevent the tongue bite& head injury(place pillow underneath) • Wipe the froth • Note the time,duration,loss of bowel/bladder,alertness of causality • Inform the doctor

  17. HYPOGLYCEMIA • It is condition where in the blood sugar level falls below the normal level affecting the brain • Causes-Insulin overdose, delay in eating rapid use of carbohydrate due to over exercise • S/S-Weakness,fainting,hunger • Palpitation&muscle cramps • Strange action & behavior • Sweating profusely • Cold clammy skin • Rapid bounding pulse

  18. FIRST AID IN HYPO GLYCEMIA • If person unconscious clear airways & place in recovery position • If conscious give sugary drinks, sugar lumps , sweets • If no improvement send for doctor • In hyperglycemia skin is dry, pulse is rapid with acetone breath, urgent hospitalization is required

  19. WOUNDS & HAEMORRHAGE • It is the break in the continuity of skin ,mucosa or viscera by accident or surgery • Wound & Haemorrhage go hand in hand & is usually accidental

  20. TYPES OF WOUNDS • Abrasions • Incised • Punctured • Lacerated

  21. First Aid in Wounds • Do not touch the wound with bare hand • Wash with running water • Apply clean dressing • Elevate the area

  22. Haemorrhage • Heamorrhage is the escape of blood from the blood vessels due to wounds or injury • Causes- injury to blood vessels, disease of the vessel wall, disorder of blood • Types-Arterial, Venous, Capillary -External, Internal -Primary, Reactionary, Secondary

  23. First Aid • Arterial- Apply pressure dressing firmly, Keep the part elevated • Venous- Apply direct pressure and clean dressing, Elevate the part • Capillary- Clots on its own, Apply slight direct pressure

  24. First Aid in Specific Haemorrahage • Epistaxis • Mouth and Tongue • Haemoptysis • Haematemesis • Head Injury

  25. Thermal Injuries • Burns- Burns are wounds caused by excessive exposure of the body to heat, liquids, chemicals,electricity or radiation • Scalds- scalds are burns caused by moist vapor or hot liquids.

  26. Signs & Symptoms • Skin appears red, may be blisters are formed, under line tissues get damaged making skin black. • Severe pain • Victim is restless & thirsty • Impending psychogenic & hyphovolemic shock

  27. Degrees of Burn • First Degree- Simple erythema. Skin intact. Very painful • Second Degree- Erythema + destruction of epidermis, dermis. Blister formation. Pain. • Third Degree- Epidermis + dermis, and even muscles and bones destroyed. Painless, black in appearance. Complicated.

  28. Rule of Nine • Head & neck- 9% • Trunk- 36% • Legs- 36% • Hands- 18% • Perineum- 1% • Total- 100%

  29. First Aid in Burns • Remember the word Race- • R- Rescue the victim. • A- Alarm & call for help. • C- Confine low for cooling fumes. • E- Extinguish the fire.

  30. Goals • Stop burning process • Reduce pain • Provide life support • Prevent complications • Restore function

  31. First Aid in Burns • Stop burning process • Remove the source/victim • Lay the patient flat • Roll the patient in cloth/blanket • Bathe under running water • Remove constricting cloths • Cover with clean cloth • Give cool soothing drinks.

  32. Thank You

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