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Fall Final Review Answers

Understand chunking, interference, recognition vs. recall, memory capacity, types of memory, types of experiments, stress effects, and statistical measures in psychology. Stay prepared for your exam!

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Fall Final Review Answers

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  1. Fall Final Review Answers

  2. What is chunking? • Chunking is a way to remember pieces of information, and is associated with short-term memory

  3. What is interference? • Blocking of a memory by previous or subsequent memories

  4. What is the difference between recognition and recall? • With recognition you are able to remember information with assistance • With recall, you are able to retrieve information without assistance

  5. What kind of capacity does short-term memory have? • a limited capacity

  6. How many items can you hold in short-term memory? • Seven items

  7. What are the three memory processes? • Encoding, Storage, Retrieval

  8. What are mnemonic devices? • A memory technique used to remember information • Example: Great Lakes (HOMES)

  9. What is procedural memory? • Remembering how to do something that comes automatically • Example: Jumping Rope

  10. What are the three types of memory? • Sensory, short-term, and long-term

  11. What can result in forgetting? • Decay, Repression, and Interference

  12. What are the three types of memory? • Sensory, short-term, and long-term

  13. What is recall? • Memory retrieval in which a person reconstructs previously learned materials

  14. What is long-term memory? • Storage of information over periods of time

  15. What is episodic memory? • Memory of one's own life

  16. What is confabulation? • The act of filling in memory gaps

  17. What is maintenance rehearsal? • Remembering information by repeating it

  18. What is semantic memory? • Knowledge of language

  19. What is repression? • Associated with Sigmund Freud; we do not think about things that are too painful

  20. What is elaborate rehearsal? • Linking new information to already known material

  21. What is reconstructive memory? • Memory that has been amplified

  22. What is primary appraisal? • your immediate evaluation of a situation

  23. What occurs during the “alarm” stage? • The mobilization for "fight or flight"

  24. If a child wants to pet a dog, but is afraid the dog will bite him, what kind of approach to the situation is this? • Approach-avoidance

  25. What is eustress? • Positive stress

  26. What could long term exposure to stressful situations do to your immune system? • Weaken it

  27. Which kind of person is less vulnerable to stress? • Type B

  28. What do the vast majority of psychologists study? • everyday behaviors and feelings

  29. What is a hypothesis? • is an educated guess

  30. What is a complex explanation based on findings from many studies called? • theory

  31. What is applied science? • using psychological principles to solve immediate problems

  32. Who was the first modern psychologist? • Wilheim Wundt

  33. What kind of psychology is associated with Maslow and Rogers? • humanistic psychology

  34. What is associated with B.F. Skinner? • Reinforcement, behaviorism, and Walden Two

  35. Which group in an experiment is exposed to the independent variable? • the experimental group

  36. What is the variable that experimenters manipulate? • independent variable

  37. What is the most important rule of naturalistic observation? • avoid disturbing the participants

  38. What is a longitudinal study? • Psychologists study the same group of participants at regular intervals over a period of years

  39. If the participants and the experimenter do not know who is in the control group of an experiment, the experiment is considered to be double-blind.

  40. What is a self-fulfilling prophecy? • When researchers unknowingly bring about the situation they expected to find

  41. What is the most common measure of central tendency? • mean

  42. How do you calculate median? • Put the group of numbers in numerical order, and the number in the middle is the median

  43. How do you calculate mode? • Mode is the number that appears the most frequently in a set of numbers

  44. What is the measure of the degree of relatedness between two variables? correlation

  45. What is used to show frequency distribution? • histogram

  46. What is variance? • Indicates how spread out the scores of a distribution are

  47. What is sample? • A relatively small group of the total population that is to be studied

  48. What is a single-blind experiment? • Only the participants do not know if they are in the control group or experimental group

  49. What is a double-blind experiment? • Neither the participants nor the experimenter know which group the participants are in

  50. What does the autonomic nervous system regulate? • involuntary muscles and organs

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