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2. Using Boundless Presentations Boundless Teaching Platform Boundless empowers educators to engage their students with affordable, customizable textbooks and intuitive teaching tools. The free Boundless Teaching Platform gives educators the ability to customize textbooks in more than 20 subjects that align to hundreds of popular titles. Get started by using high quality Boundless books, or make switching to our platform easier by building from Boundless content pre-organized to match the assigned textbook. This platform gives educators the tools they need to assign readings and assessments, monitor student activity, and lead their classes with pre-made teaching resources. Get started now at: • The Appendix The appendix is for you to use to add depth and breadth to your lectures. You can simply drag and drop slides from the appendix into the main presentation to make for a richer lecture experience. http://boundless.com/teaching-platform • Free to edit, share, and copy Feel free to edit, share, and make as many copies of the Boundless presentations as you like. We encourage you to take these presentations and make them your own. If you have any questions or problems please email: educators@boundless.com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

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4. The Germanic Tribes The Middle Ages in Europe The Catholic Church The Carolingian Dynasty The Holy Roman Empire ] The Development of England The Middle Ages in Europe Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

5. The Crusades The Middle Ages in Europe(continued) Medieval Life ] The Middle Ages in Europe Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

6. The Middle Ages in Europe > The Germanic Tribes The Germanic Tribes • The Germanic Tribes • Odoacer and the Fall of Rome • Theoderic the Great • The Vikings Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/world-history/textbooks/boundless-world-history-textbook/the-middle-ages-in-europe-9/the-germanic-tribes-333/

7. The Middle Ages in Europe > The Catholic Church The Catholic Church • The Catholic Church • The Development of Papal Supremacy • The Rise of the Monasteries • The Western Schism Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/world-history/textbooks/boundless-world-history-textbook/the-middle-ages-in-europe-9/the-catholic-church-969/

8. The Middle Ages in Europe > The Carolingian Dynasty The Carolingian Dynasty • The Coronation of 800 CE • The Rise of Charlemagne • Charlemagne's Reforms • Charles Martel and Pepin the Short • The End of the Carolingians Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/world-history/textbooks/boundless-world-history-textbook/the-middle-ages-in-europe-9/the-carolingian-dynasty-45/

9. The Middle Ages in Europe > The Holy Roman Empire The Holy Roman Empire • Rise of the Holy Roman Empire • Administration of the Empire • The Investiture Controversy Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/world-history/textbooks/boundless-world-history-textbook/the-middle-ages-in-europe-9/the-holy-roman-empire-976/

10. The Middle Ages in Europe > The Development of England The Development of England • The Anglo-Saxons • The Norman Invasion of 1066 CE • William the Conqueror's Rule • The Magna Carta • The Hundred Years' War Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/world-history/textbooks/boundless-world-history-textbook/the-middle-ages-in-europe-9/the-development-of-england-46/

11. The Middle Ages in Europe > The Crusades The Crusades • The Crusades • The First Crusade • The Second Crusade • The Third Crusade • The Fourth Crusade Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/world-history/textbooks/boundless-world-history-textbook/the-middle-ages-in-europe-9/the-crusades-47/

12. The Middle Ages in Europe > Medieval Life Medieval Life • Feudalism • The Manor System • Trade and Commerce • Daily Medieval Life • Intellectual Life • Arts and Sciences • The Black Death Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/world-history/textbooks/boundless-world-history-textbook/the-middle-ages-in-europe-9/medieval-life-344/

13. Appendix Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

14. The Middle Ages in Europe Key terms • agrarianBased around producing and maintaining crops and farmland. • Alexios I KomnenosByzantine emperor from 1081 to 1118, whose appeals to Western Europe for help against the Turks were also the catalyst that likely contributed to the convoking of the Crusades. • AntipopeA person who, in opposition to the one who is generally seen as the legitimately elected pope, makes a significantly accepted competing claim to be the pope. • Arian ChristianA Christian sect that asserts that Jesus Christ is the Son of God who was created by God the Father at a point in time, is distinct from the Father, and is therefore subordinate to the Father. • ArianismA Christian sect in late antiquity that asserts that Jesus Christ is the Son of God who was created by God the Father at a point in time, is distinct from the Father, and is therefore subordinate to the Father. • AristotleGreek philosopher and scientist born in Stagirus, northern Greece, in 384 BCE. His writings covered many subjects and constitute the first comprehensive system of Western philosophy. • Avignon PapacyThe period from 1309 to 1377, during which seven successive popes resided in Avignon, France, rather than in Rome. • Battle of HastingsThe decisive battle in the Norman Conquest of England fought on October 14, 1066, between the Norman-Fench army of Duke William II of Normandy and the English army under Anglo-Saxon King Harold II. • Battle of ToursA battle that pitted Frankish and Burgundian forces under Charles Martel against an army of the Umayyad Caliphate led by 'Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi, Governor-General of al-Andalus. The latter was defeated, thus ending the expansion of the Muslim empire into Europe. • Benedict's RuleA book of precepts written by Benedict of Nursia (c. 480–550) for monks living communally under the authority of an abbot. • bubonic plagueDisease circulating mainly in fleas on small rodents. Without treatment, the bacterial infection kills about two thirds of infected humans within four days. • bullionGold bars, silver bars, and other precious metals bars or ingots. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

15. The Middle Ages in Europe • Byzantine EmpireSometimes referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in the East during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople. • Byzantine EmpireSometimes referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in the East during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople. • Byzantine EmpireThe predominantly Greek-speaking continuation of the eastern half of the Roman Empire during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. • Byzantine PapacyA period of Byzantine domination of the papacy from 537 to 752, when popes required the approval of the Byzantine Emperor for episcopal consecration. • CarolingianRefers to topics concerning or in the time of Charlemagne and his heirs. • Carolingian DynastyAn empire during the late medieval realm of the Franks, ruled by the Carolingian family, a Frankish noble family to which Charlemagne belonged. • Carolingian RenaissanceThe first of three medieval renaissances; was a period of cultural activity in the Carolingian Empire occurring from the late-8th century to the 9th century. • CharlemagneA ruler of the Carolingian Dynasty renowned for his thirty-year military campaign to spread Christianity in Europe and for his interests in education and religion. • CharlemagneThe first recognized emperor in Western Europe since the fall of the Western Roman Empire three centuries earlier, known for unifying Francia and ushering in a period of cultural renaissance and reform. • Christian monasticismThe devotional practice of individuals who live ascetic and typically cloistered lives that are dedicated to Christian worship. • Church of the Holy SepulchreA church within the Christian Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem that contains, according to traditions dating back to at least the 4th century, the two holiest sites in Christendom—the site where Jesus of Nazareth was crucified and Jesus's empty tomb, where he is said to have been buried and resurrected. • clause 61Section of the Magna Carta that stated a committee of twenty-five barons could at any time meet and overrule the will of the king if he defied the provisions of the charter, and could seize his castles and possessions if it was considered necessary. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

16. The Middle Ages in Europe • Concordat of WormsAn agreement between Pope Calixtus II and Holy Roman Emperor Henry V on September 23, 1122, that found a resolution to the Investiture Controversy. • Conrad IIIFirst German king of the Hohenstaufen dynasty, who led troops in the Second Crusade. • ConstantinopleThe capital city of the Roman, Byzantine, Latin, and Ottoman empires. During the 12th century, it was the largest and wealthiest city in Europe. • Corpus Juris CivilisThe modern name for a collection of fundamental works in jurisprudence, issued from 529–534 CE by order of Eastern Roman Emperor Justinian I. • Crusader statesA number of mostly 12th- and 13th-century feudal states created by Western European crusaders in Asia Minor, Greece, and the Holy Land, and in the eastern Baltic area during the Northern Crusades. • demesneAll the land, not necessarily all physically connected to the manor house, that was retained by the lord of a manor for his own use and support, under his own management. • Donation of PepinDonations bestowed by Pepin the Short that provided a legal basis for the formal organizing of the "Papal States," which inaugurated papal temporal rule over civil authorities. • duchyA territory, fief, or domain ruled by a duke or duchess. • Edward the ConfessorOne of the last Anglo-Saxon kings of England and usually regarded as the last king of the House of Wessex, ruling from 1042 to 1066. • Empress IreneA Byzantine empress who ruled from 797–802, during the time of Charlemagne's coronation. • English Civil WarA series of armed conflicts and political machinations in the period 1642-1651 between Parliamentarians (Roundheads) and Royalists (Cavaliers) in the Kingdom of England, principally over the manner of its government. • EuclidA Greek mathematician (~300 BCE), often referred to as the "Father of Geometry." His Elements is one of the most influential works in the history of mathematics. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

17. The Middle Ages in Europe • fealtyAn oath, from the Latin fidelitas (faithfulness); a pledge of allegiance of one person to another. • fiefsHeritable property or rights granted by an overlord to a vassal. • FlagellantPractitioners of an extreme form of mortification of their own flesh by whipping it with various instruments. • foederatiAny one of several outlying nations to which ancient Rome provided benefits in exchange for military assistance. The term was also used, especially under the Roman Empire, for groups of "barbarian" mercenaries of various sizes, who were typically allowed to settle within the Empire. • FranciaThe territory inhabited and ruled by the Franks, a confederation of West Germanic tribes, during Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. • Frankish stateTerritory inhabited and ruled by the Franks, a confederation of Germanic tribes, from the 400s to 800s CE. • FranksHistorically known first as a group of Germanic tribes that inhabited the land between the Lower and Middle Rhine in the 3rd century CE, and second as the people of Gaul who merged with the Gallo-Roman populations during succeeding centuries, passing on their name to modern-day France and becoming part of the heritage of the modern French people. • freemenMen who were not serfs in the feudal system. • Great SchismThe break of communion between what are now the Eastern Orthodox and Catholic churches, which has lasted since the 11th century. • guildAssociation of artisans or merchants who controlled the practice of their craft in a particular town. They were organized in a manner similar to something between a professional association and a trade union. • GutenbergGerman blacksmith, goldsmith, printer, and publisher who introduced printing to Europe. His invention of mechanical movable type printing started the Printing Revolution and is widely regarded as the most important event of the modern period. • Hadrian's WallA defensive fortification that ran from the banks of the River Tyne near the North Sea to the Solway Firth on the Irish Sea, and was the northern limit of the Roman Empire. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

18. The Middle Ages in Europe • HellenicFrom Ancient Greek; Hellenikos, "of or relating to Greece or Greeks." • hereticalRelating to departure from established beliefs or customs. • hereticsPeople who holds beliefs or theories that are strongly at variance with established beliefs or customs, especially those held by the Roman Catholic Church. • Holy Roman EmpireA multi-ethnic complex of territories in central Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806; founded by the coronation of Charlemagne by Pope Leo III. • homageIn the Middle Ages this was the ceremony in which a feudal tenant or vassal pledged reverence and submission to his feudal lord, receiving in exchange the symbolic title to his new position. • husbandryFarming or agriculture. • Imperial DietThe general assembly of the Imperial Estates of the Holy Roman Empire that emerged from the earlier informal assemblies, and  the legislative body of the empire. • investitureThe authority to appoint local church officials such as bishops of cities and abbots of monasteries. • Investiture ControversyThe most significant conflict between church and state in medieval Europe, in which a series of popes challenged the authority of European monarchies. • Joan of ArcConsidered a heroine of France for her role during the Lancastrian phase of the Hundred Years' War; canonized as a Roman Catholic saint. • King Alfred the GreatKing of Wessex from 871 to 899, known as a learned and merciful man who encouraged education and improved his kingdom's legal system and military structure and his people's quality of life. • kinsmanA male relative. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

19. The Middle Ages in Europe • Knights TemplarAmong the wealthiest and most powerful of the Western Christian military orders; prominent actors in the Crusades. • literatiWell-educated, scholarly people; intellectuals who are interested in written works. • livre carolinienneCharlemagne's monetary standard, based upon a pound of silver, equivalent to the modern pound. • LombardsA Germanic people who ruled large parts of the Italian Peninsula from 568 to 774. • longshipA Viking ship intended for warfare and exploration and designed for speed and agility. Longships were equipped with a sail as well as oars, making navigation independent of the wind possible. • Louis VIIA Capetian king of the Franks from 1137 until his death who led troops in the Second Crusade. • Manuel I KomnenoA Byzantine Emperor of the 12th century who reigned over a crucial turning point in the history of Byzantium and the Mediterranean, including the Second Crusade. • mendicantCertain Christian religious orders that have adopted a lifestyle of poverty, traveling, and living in urban areas for purposes of preaching, evangelization, and ministry, especially to the poor; more generally an ascetic lifestyle that includes poverty and begging. • mesne tenantA lord in the feudal system who had vassals who held land from him, but who was himself the vassal of a higher lord. • missionariesMembers of a religious group sent into an area to evangelize or offer ministries of service, such as education, literacy, social justice, health care, and economic development. • MoorsThe Muslim inhabitants of the Maghreb, North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula, Sicily, and Malta during the Middle Ages, who initially were Berber and Arab peoples of North African descent. • Nicolaus CopernicusA Renaissance mathematician and astronomer (1473–1543) who formulated a heliocentric model of the universe that placed the Sun, rather than Earth, at the center. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

20. The Middle Ages in Europe • nomadicLeading a wandering life with no fixed abode; peripatetic, itinerant. • Norman ConquestThe 11th-century invasion and occupation of England by an army of Norman, Breton, and French soldiers led by Duke William II of Normandy. • NormansThe Normans, a people descended from Norse Vikings who settled in the territory of Normandy in France after being given land by the French king, conquered other lands and protected the French coast from foreign attacks. • ObotritesA confederation of medieval West Slavic tribes within the territory of modern northern Germany. • OrthodoxyConforming to the Christian faith as represented in the creeds of the early church. • OstrogothsThe eastern branch of the Germanic tribes; they traced their origins to the Greutungi, a branch of the Goths who had migrated southward from the Baltic Sea and established a kingdom north of the Black Sea during the 3rd and 4th centuries. • Otto IGerman king from 936 and emperor of the Holy Roman Empire from 962 until his death in 973; his reign began a continuous existence of the Holy Roman Empire for over eight centuries. • Ottoman EmpireEmpire founded by Oghuz Turks under Osman Bey in northwestern Anatolia in 1299 and dissolved in 1923 in the aftermath of World War I, forming the new state of Turkey. • Papal supremacyThe doctrine of the Roman Catholic Church that the pope, by reason of his office as Vicar of Christ and as pastor of the entire Christian Church, has full, supreme, and universal power over the whole church. • Peace of WestphaliaA series of peace treaties signed between May and October 1648 that ended the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) in the Holy Roman Empire. • People's CrusadeAn expedition seen as the prelude to the First Crusade that lasted roughly six months, from April to October 1096, and was led mostly by peasants. • PopeThe Bishop of Rome and the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church, and the traditional successor to Saint Peter, to whom Jesus is supposed to have given the keys of Heaven, naming him as the "rock" upon which the church would be built. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

21. The Middle Ages in Europe • Pope Urban IIPope from March 12, 1088, to his death in 1099, he is best known for initiating the First Crusade. • PtolemyGreco-Roman writer of Alexandria (c. CE 90–c. 168 CE) known as a mathematician, astronomer, geographer, astrologer, and poet. Ptolemy was the author of several scientific treatises, three of which were of continuing importance to later Islamic and European science. • quadriviumThe four subjects, or arts, taught after the trivium. It consisted of arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy and was considered preparatory work for the serious study of philosophy and theology. • regnaTerritorial regions of independent rule. • ReichsstandAn imperial estate in the Holy Roman Empire. • retinuesBodies of persons "retained" in the service of a noble or royal personage. • Richard the LionheartKing of England from July 6, 1189, until his death; famous for his reputation as a great military leader and warrior. • Romulus AugustulusAn emperor of the Western Roman Empire from 475–476 AD; his deposition by Odoacer traditionally marks the end of the Western Roman Empire, the fall of ancient Rome, and the beginning of the Middle Ages in Western Europe. • SaladinThe first sultan of Egypt and Syria and the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty; he led the Muslim military campaign against the Crusader states in the Levant. • SaxonsA group of Germanic tribes first mentioned as living near the North Sea coast of what is now Germany (Old Saxony) in late Roman times. • ScandinaviaA historical and cultural-linguistic region in northern Europe characterized by a common Germanic heritage and related languages. It includes the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. • schismA division or a split, usually between groups belonging to a religious denomination. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

22. The Middle Ages in Europe • scholasticismMethod of critical thought that dominated teaching by the academics (scholastics, or schoolmen) of medieval universities in Europe from about 1100–1700 CE. • Seljuq EmpireA medieval Turko-Persian Sunni Muslim empire that controlled a vast area stretching from the Hindu Kush to eastern Anatolia and from Central Asia to the Persian Gulf. The Seljuq Turk attack on Byzantium helped spur the crusades. • serfsPeasants under feudalism, specifically relating to manorialism. It was a condition of bondage that developed primarily during the High Middle Ages in Europe. • sickleHand-held agricultural tool with a variously curved blade typically used for harvesting grain crops or cutting succulent forage (either freshly cut or dried as hay) used chiefly to feed livestock. • simonyThe sale of church offices to a successor. • the Black DeathOne of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people and peaking in Europe in the years 1348–1350. • the Black PrinceA name used to refer to Edward of Woodstock, used chiefly since the 16th century, and not during Edward's lifetime. The name is thought to stem from his black armor or brutal attitude in battle. • the ReconquistaPeriod of approximately 781 years in the history of the Iberian Peninsula, from after the Islamic conquest in 711-718 to the fall of Granada, the last Islamic state on the peninsula, in 1492. • the Silk RoadSeries of trade and cultural routes that were central to cultural interaction through regions of the Asian continent, connecting the West and East from China to the Mediterranean Sea. • Thomas AquinasItalian Dominican friar and priest (c. 1225 CE–1274 CE) and an immensely influential philosopher and theologian in the tradition of scholasticism. • ThomisticThe philosophical school that arose as a legacy of the work and thought of Saint Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274), philosopher, theologian, and Doctor of the Church. • Treaty of BrétignyA treaty signed on May 25, 1360, between King Edward III of England and King John II (the Good) of France. It is seen as having marked the end of the first phase of the Hundred Years' War. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

23. The Middle Ages in Europe • triviumIn medieval universities, the trivium comprised the three subjects that were taught first: grammar, logic, and rhetoric. • Umayyad CaliphateThe second of the four major Arab caliphates established after the death of Muhammad; continued the Muslim conquests, incorporating the Caucasus, Transoxiana, Sindh, the Maghreb, and the Iberian Peninsula into the Muslim world, making it the fifth largest empire in history in both area and proportion of the world's population. • usuryThe practice of making unethical or immoral monetary loans intended to unfairly enrich the lender. • vassalsPersons who entered into a mutual obligation to a lord or monarch in the context of the feudal system in medieval Europe. • vernacularThe native language or native dialect of a specific population, especially as distinguished from a literary, national, or standard variety of the language, such as Latin. • villeinThe most common type of serf in the Middle Ages. They had more rights and a higher status than the lowest serf, but existed under a number of legal restrictions that differentiated them from freemen. • VisigothsThe western branches of the nomadic tribes of Germanic peoples referred to collectively as the Goths. • Western Roman EmpireThe western provinces of the Roman Empire at any one time during which they were administered by a separate independent imperial court, coequal with (or only nominally subordinate to) that administering the eastern provinces. • William the ConquerorThe first Norman king of England, reigning from 1066 until his death in 1087. • ZenoEastern Roman Emperor from 474–475 and again from 476–491, whose reign saw the end of the Western Roman Empire under Romulus Augustus. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

24. The Middle Ages in Europe John of England vs Louis VIII of France Created in the 14th Century; the image King John of England in battle with the Francs (left), Prince Louis VIII of France on the march (right). Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."John of England vs Louis VIII of France."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Barons'_War%23mediaviewer/File:John_of_England_vs_Louis_VIII_of_France.jpgView on Boundless.com

25. The Middle Ages in Europe The Magna Carta - Failed Diplomacy That Changed the World A National History Day group documentary. The theme that year (2011) was Debate and Diplomacy in History: Successes, Failures, and Consequences. As a result, you will notice a great emphasis on these ideas throughout the course of the video. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com View on Boundless.com

26. The Middle Ages in Europe John of England signs the Magna Carta John of England signs the Magna Carta. Image from Cassell's History of England, Century Edition, published c. 1902. This image depicts the stress under the king and all those in England struggling for power. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."John of England signs Magna Carta."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magna_Carta%23mediaviewer/File:Joao_sem_terra_assina_carta_Magna.jpgView on Boundless.com

27. The Middle Ages in Europe The spread of the Black Death Animation showing the spread of The Black Death from Central Asia to East Asia and Europe from 1346 to 1351. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikicommons."Spread of the Black Death."CC BY-SA 3.0http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spread-Of-The-Black-Death.gifView on Boundless.com

28. The Middle Ages in Europe William of Ockham William of Ockham, from stained glass window at a church in Surrey. He is considered one of the major figures of medieval thought and was at the center of the major intellectual and political controversies of the 14th century. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."William of Ockham."CC BY-SA 3.0https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:William_of_Ockham.pngView on Boundless.com

29. The Middle Ages in Europe Duomo in Florence, Italy, seen at night from Michelangelo's Piazza Giotto's clock tower on the right and Brunelleschi's cathedral dome on the left. In one structure, two of the most influential architectural designs in the world. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com File:Il_Duomo_Florence_Italy.JPG."Il Duomo Florence Italy."CC BY-SA 3.0https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Florence_Duomo_from_Michelangelo_hill.jpgView on Boundless.com

30. The Middle Ages in Europe Saladin's Conquest (1174-1189) Map of Saladin's Conquest into the Levant, including invasions routes, major conflicts, strongholds, and occupations. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Saladin's_Conquest_(1174-1189).jpg."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Crusade#/media/File:Saladin%27s_Conquest_(1174-1189).jpgView on Boundless.com

31. The Middle Ages in Europe Danse Macabre The Dance of Death (1493) by Michael Wolgemut, from the Liber chronicarum by Hartmann Schedel. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Danse_macabre_by_Michael_Wolgemut.png."CC BY-SA 3.0https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Danse_macabre_by_Michael_Wolgemut.pngView on Boundless.com

32. The Middle Ages in Europe European output of printed books c. 1450-1800 Estimated output of printed books in Europe from c. 1450 to 1800. A book is defined as printed matter containing more than 49 pages. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."European Output of Printed Books ca.1450–1800."CC BY-SA 3.0https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:European_Output_of_Printed_Books_ca._1450%E2%80%931800.pngView on Boundless.com

33. The Middle Ages in Europe A plague doctor Drawing illustrating the clothes and "beak" of a plague doctor. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikicommons."Plague Doctor Drawing."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Plague_doctor_drawing.jpgView on Boundless.com

34. The Middle Ages in Europe Black Death ("Hollaback Girl" by Gwen Stefani) It's hard to find a song to parody for such a gruesome subject. Our apologies to Gwen's fans, but it's for the cause of education! Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com View on Boundless.com

35. The Middle Ages in Europe Model of a Viking longship Model of the Gokstad ship. The Gokstad ship is a Viking ship found in a burial mound at Gokstad farm in Sandar, Sandefjord, Vestfold, Norway. Dendrochronological dating suggests that the ship was built around 890 AD. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Gokstad-ship-model."CC BY-SA 2.5http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gokstad-ship-model.jpgView on Boundless.com

36. The Middle Ages in Europe Viking expeditions (blue line) Light blue: Itineraries of the Vikings, depicting the immense breadth of their voyages through most of Europe, the Mediterranean Sea, Northern Africa, Asia Minor, the Arctic, and North America. Light green: main settlement areas, in the first millennium Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Vikings-Voyages."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viking_Age%23mediaviewer/File:Vikings-Voyages.pngView on Boundless.com

37. The Middle Ages in Europe Charlemagne and Pope Adrian I The Frankish king Charlemagne was a devout Catholic who maintained a close relationship with the papacy throughout his life. In 772, when Pope Adrian I was threatened by invaders, the king rushed to Rome to provide assistance. Shown here, the pope asks Charlemagne for help at a meeting near Rome. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Charlemagne and Pope Adrian I.."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Charlemagne_and_Pope_Adrian_I.jpgView on Boundless.com

38. The Middle Ages in Europe Europe in 526 The Ostrogothic Kingdom (in yellow) at the death of Theoderic the Great in 526 AD. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Europe_at_the_death_of_Theoderic_the_Great_in_526.jpg."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theoderic_the_Great#/media/File:Europe_at_the_death_of_Theoderic_the_Great_in_526.jpgView on Boundless.com

39. The Middle Ages in Europe Theoderic the Great Bronze statue of Theoderic the Great, king of the Ostrogoths, by Peter Vischer the Elder (1512-13) at the tomb of Emperor Maximilian I in the Court Church in Innsbruck, Austria. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Theoderich (Vischer)."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theoderic_the_Great%23mediaviewer/File:Theoderich_(Vischer).JPGView on Boundless.com

40. The Middle Ages in Europe The Germanic Kingdoms and the Eastern Roman Empire in 526 CE Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Germanic kingdoms 526CE."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Germanic_kingdoms_526CE.pngView on Boundless.com

41. The Middle Ages in Europe Romulus Augustulus and Odoacer Romulus Augustulus resigns the crown (from a 19th-century illustration) Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Romulus_Augustulus_and_Odoacer.jpg."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odoacer#/media/File:Romulus_Augustulus_and_Odoacer.jpgView on Boundless.com

42. The Middle Ages in Europe Coin of Odoacer Coin of Odoacer, Ravenna, 477, with Odoacer in profile, depicted with a "barbarian" moustache. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Odovacar_Ravenna_477.jpg."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OdoacerView on Boundless.com

43. The Middle Ages in Europe Theoderic the Great Bronze statue of Theoderic the Great (by Peter Vischer, 1512–13), from the monument of Emperor Maximilian I in the Court Church at Innsbruck. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Theoderich_(Vischer).JPG."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theoderic_the_Great#/media/File:Theoderich_(Vischer).JPGView on Boundless.com

44. The Middle Ages in Europe Saint Remigius baptizes Clovis Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Chlodwigs_taufe.jpg."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Christianity_during_the_Middle_Ages#/media/File:Chlodwigs_taufe.jpgView on Boundless.com

45. The Middle Ages in Europe Saint Francis Saint Francis of Assisi, founder of the Order of Friars Minor. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."StFrancis_part.jpg."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciscans#/media/File:StFrancis_part.jpgView on Boundless.com

46. The Middle Ages in Europe Carolingian dynasty Carolingian family tree, from the Chronicon Universale of Ekkehard of Aura, 12th century Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."440px-Stammtafel_der_Karolinger.jpg."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolingian_dynasty#/media/File:Stammtafel_der_Karolinger.jpgView on Boundless.com

47. The Middle Ages in Europe Steuben's Bataille de Poitiers A painting of the Battle of Tours by Charles de Steuben, 1834–1837. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."800px-Steuben_-_Bataille_de_Poitiers.png."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Martel#/media/File:Steuben_-_Bataille_de_Poitiers.pngView on Boundless.com

48. The Middle Ages in Europe Coronation of Charlemagne The Coronation of Charlemagne, by assistants of Raphael, c. 1516–1517. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Raphael_Charlemagne.jpg."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlemagne#/media/File:Raphael_Charlemagne.jpgView on Boundless.com

49. The Middle Ages in Europe Gregory the Great Pope Gregory I (c. 540–604) who established medieval themes in the church, in a painting by Carlo Saraceni, c. 1610, Rome. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Gregorythegreat.jpg."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope#/media/File:Gregorythegreat.jpgView on Boundless.com

50. The Middle Ages in Europe Saint Benedict Saint Benedict, the founder of the Benedictine Monastic Rule, by Herman Nieg, Heiligenkreuz Abbey, Austria. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Heiligenkreuz.St._Benedict.jpg."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_monasticism#/media/File:Heiligenkreuz.St._Benedict.jpgView on Boundless.com