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原子超精细结构 -- 与核物理交叉的物理过程 ---

原子超精细结构 -- 与核物理交叉的物理过程 ---. 上海交通大学物理系 清华大学 物理系 原子分子纳米科学研究中 心 李家明 ( lijm@sjtu.edu.cn ) 上海交通大学物理楼 1017 电话: 021-54747759 ( jmli@tsinghua.edu.cn )

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原子超精细结构 -- 与核物理交叉的物理过程 ---

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  1. 原子超精细结构 --与核物理交叉的物理过程--- 上海交通大学物理系 清华大学 物理系 原子分子纳米科学研究中心 李家明 ( lijm@sjtu.edu.cn ) 上海交通大学物理楼1017 电话:021-54747759 ( jmli@tsinghua.edu.cn ) 清华大学理科大楼3318 电话:010-62788597

  2. 原子超精细结构;涉及原子核与原子电子的电磁 相互作用。提供原子核相关的物理量,例如: *核磁矩(尤其是非稳核同位素,以验证核理论与计算) *核电四极矩(同上,需要在线同位素原子精密光谱测量) *其他关于核内运动的图像 (希望能推动核物理与原子物理界之间协作) ● 简单回顾原子超精细结构理论 ● 举例说明有趣的核内运动的图像 ● 讨论;其它可能的核物理与原子物理界之间协作

  3. 原子超精细结构 不同的同位素的原子超精细结构能级变化

  4. 原子的电子结构 He 原子基态

  5. Multi-Channel Example: e+Kr+ 2P3/2 threshold “多、快、好、省”

  6. 所有能级“一网打尽”,光谱能级数据判断散射相移计算精度所有能级“一网打尽”,光谱能级数据判断散射相移计算精度 “多、快、好、省”

  7. 8He: The Most Neutron-Rich Nucleus # of protons 卢征天 Z.T. Lu # of neutrons

  8. Atomic Energy Levels of Helium 卢征天 Z.T. Lu He energy level diagram Cooling & Trapping at 1083 nm 100 ns  1.6 MHz • Single photon kick  0.1 m/s • Transition rate ~ 4 x 106 /s • Acceleration ~ 4 x 105 m/s2 33P0,1,2 389 nm 100 ns 23P0,1,2 Spectroscopy at 389 nm 1083 nm • Single photon kick  0.3 m/s • Doppler shift  400 kHz 23S1 19.82 eV Isotope Shift dn = dnMS+ dnFS 11S0 8

  9. Field (Volume) Shift E r p s V ~ - 1/r 9

  10. 3PJ 3S1 Atomic Theory of Helium Drake, Can. J. Phys (2006); Pachucki & Sapirstein, J Phys B (2002) • Non-relativistic wave functions fromvariational calculations • Perturbation theory for relativistic corrections, QED,finite nuclear mass and nuclear charge radius • QED terms “cancel” in isotope shift For 23S1 – 33P2transition @ 389 nm:6He - 4He : dn6,4 = 43196.207(15) MHz + 1.008(<r2>He4 - <r2>He6) MHz/fm28He - 4He : dn8,4 = 64702.409(74) MHz + 1.008 (<r2>He4 - <r2>He8) MHz/fm2 100 kHz error in IS  ~ 1% error in radius 10

  11. 6He & 8He RMS Point Proton and Matter Radii Wang et al., PRL (2004) Mueller et al., PRL (2007) 11

  12. Hadronic Probe: Scattering of 6He & 8He Beams 6He 1H 12C q 6He Tanihata et al, Phys Lett (1985) LBNL 9Be 18O 6He Alkhazov et al, Nucl Phys (2002) GSI Elastic collision: He on H, 700 MeV/u Matter distribution, matter radii Elastic and inelastic collision: He on C, B 12

  13. Quantum Monte Carlo calculation 4He Proton 6He 8He Neutron Halo Nuclei 6He and 8He Borromean Nucleus Borromean Rings

  14. 讨论 其它可能的核物理与原子物理界之间协作 原子数据库在研究同核异能态诱发辐射(γ激光)中的应用 (高翔,孙扬,李家明) 同质异能态(Nuclear Isomer)是一种原子核的亚稳激发态 (Metastable State),激发能可达MeV量级,平均寿命可以从 纳秒量级到1015年不等 NEET(Nuclear Excitation by Electronic Transition) NEEC(Nuclear Excitation by Electron Capture) 需要知道原子核触发能级和原子的能级间跃迁等确切数据; 这涉及到海量的原子核和原子数据。

  15. 原子物理与核物理交叉方向, 还有天体物理方面(恒星演化) Z(Pb)=82 Z(Tl)=81

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