Six Words and Pictures Holocaust Dictionary

1. Six Words and Pictures Holocaust Dictionary http://www.holocaustpictures.org/

2. Auschwitz-Birkeneau Auschwitz-Birkeneau, also known as AuschwitzⅡ, was a concentration camp considered as the second part of the Auschwitz. It was built in 1941, near Birkeneau, Poland, when the Holocaust slowly began. People imprisoned in in Auschwitz-Birkeneau, like people in AuschwitzⅠ, were mostly used as slave labors in local factories and quarris. However, unlike the AuschwitzⅠ, it contained more barracks for Soviet prisoners and the Jews. When the people arrived at Auschwitz, they were determined if they were capable of working or not. People who were determined as unable to work of hard work, they were sent to gas chambers in Auschwitz-Birkeneau. They were required to strip all their clothes before entering, and when they did entered, they were all quickly killed by the poisonous gas, Zylon B. These gas chambers killed about 2000-2500 people at a time. The left over bodies were burned in crematoria, also located in Auschwitz-Birkeneau, and if there were not any room for more bodies to burn, the bodies were stacked in rows for a burial or for a later time. Overall, about 1,250,000 people were killed in Auschwitz-Birkeneau, nobody knows the exact number. Still today, there still are the remains of this deadly concentration camp, where millions of people died in pain. Lawton, Clive, Auschwitz, London: Candlewick Press, 2002. Print. “Auschwitz” The Holocaust. 1997. Print.

3. Aerial photograph of Auschwitz II (Birkenau). Poland, December 21, 1944. — National Archives and Records Administration, College Park, Md. http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/media_ph.php?MediaId=3139

4. Dr. Josef Mengele Dr. Josef Mengele was the one of the Nazi doctors who conducted medical experiments to the victims of the Holocaust. In fact, he was the worst. In the time period of World War Ⅱ, when the Holocaust was occurring, Dr. Josef Mengele was a German doctor and the chief physician at Auschwitz. He had the full control of who would lice or die; he killed about 400,000 “unfit” Jews in the gas chambers. Furthermore, he also conducted experiments on defenseless inmates such as babies, dwarfs, and twins. These experiments were painful, exhausting, often lethal, and traumatic since the experiments included forcible sterilization, amputations and injections of lethal injections. While the experiments occurred on the victims, Dr. Mengele observed their reactions. When the Auschwitz liberated in January 1945, Dr. Mengele disappeared, he escaped to South America after the war. Afterwards, in 1949, He became the political asylum in Argentina. In 1959, when the Germans authority was issued for warrant arrest, he once again was gone. Later on in 1979, Wolfgang Gerhard was found dead in Brazil by swimming incident, which in 1985, was found as Josef Mengele. “Mengele, Josef.” The Holocaust. 1997. Print.

5. Instytut Pamieci Narodowej, courtesy of Archiwum Glownej Komisji Zbrodni Przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu Instytutu Pamieci Narodowej http://digitalassets.ushmm.org/photoarchives/detail.aspx?id=1041712

6. Elie Wiesel Elie Wiesel is a famous Holocaust survivor, who still lives and remembers the tragic memories of the Holocaust. During World War Ⅱ, in Nazi-occupied territories, Jew and other races were sent to concentration or the death camps. Elie Wiesel was sixteen years old when his whole family, his two parents and three sisters, and he were sent to the Buchenwald concentration camp. When the camp was liberated in May 1945, unfortunately, only he and his two sisters survived. He then went to France, at an age of 22, instead of where his actual home was in Hungary. In France, he learned to speak French and eventually became a journalist. After, he went to Israel, and finally he was able to make his way to America as a professor of Boston University. In addition to that, Wiesel is also famous for his books; one of them is the book called the Nights. The book Nights is his autobiographical account of his life in Buchenwald and is his first published book. He won both French and American literary awards, as well as the Nobel Peace Prize in 1985. Now, Wiesel has become a big part of the world; he teaches, lectures, conducts workshops, and most of all, he became a sought-after Holocaust expert. And yet, he develops two themes in everything he does: peace and harmony. Ayer, Eleanor. The Survivors. San Diego: Lucent Books Inc., 1998. Print. Schuman, Michael . Elie Wiesel. New Jersey: Enslow Publishers Inc., 1994. Print.

7. Elie Wiesel speaks at the Faith in Humankind conference, held before the opening of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, on September 18–19, 1984, in Washington, DC. — US Holocaust Memorial Museum http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/media_ph.php?MediaId=5976

8. Gypsies Gypsies are the nomadic people originating in India who reached Europe in the 15th century. Like the other races throughout WWⅡ, Gypsies were one of the victims of the Holocaust. Among about 936,000 Gypsies in Nazi-occupied territories, and 220,000 were murdered. They were interned, deported to slave and death camps. Twin and handicapped children were taken by Dr. Josef Mengele for medical experiments. Also, on July, 31, 1944, all the Gypsies were killed in Gypsy camp in Auschwitz. Even though over ten thousand Gypsies died, reasonable amount still survived. In fact, Gypsies who lived in the same place over 2 years were not killed. Overall, for Gypsies, life style was more important than racial type and extermination selective. “Gypsies.” The Holocaust. 1997. Print

9. Romani (Gypsy) families in Belzec labor camp. Poland, 1940. — ArchiwumDokumentocjiMechanizney http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/media_ph.php?MediaId=6303

10. Medical Experiments Nazi doctors conducted series of medical experiments to the victims of the Holocaust. The victims were made to drink salt water for to measure ability to adapt harsh water time condition, were exposed to high altitude pressure 13 miles above earth without oxygen supply, and were given deadly diseases for new vaccinations. People were treated like guinea pigs and many died from the experiments. Auschwitz like medical operation. Even though there were several doctors like Dr. Carl Clauberg and Dr. Horst Schumann who conducted these experiments in Auschwitz, none were like Josef Mengele, he was the worst among them. After the Holocaust was over, trials of war criminals were devoted to the doctors. As the result, 7 were executed and 9 received prison sentence. “Medical Experiments.” The Holocaust. 1997. Print.

11. Medical personnel experiment on a prisoner at the Buchenwald concentration camp. Buchenwald, Germany, date uncertain. — La Documentation Francaise http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/media_ph.php?MediaId=781

12. Zylon B Throughout the Holocaust, Zylon B was used for mass murders. Its other name is hydrogen cyanide, a deadly poisonous gas. It was mostly used in gas chambers in Auschwitz and Majadanek, this deadly gas was manufactured by Degesch, a company that produced pest extermination products. For the ease of transportation, Zylon B was transported in crystalline form. When it was used, crystals dropped through a resalable hatch, and soon the crystalline form turned into deadly gas. The victims, sealed in the gas chambers then quickly lost consciousness in few seconds or even few minutes. The Nazis considered this as an improvement over the crude method of gassing carbon monoxide, which took much longer time to kill people. Later on after when WWⅡand at the same time, when the Holocaust ended, manufacturers of Zylon B were executed for creating and selling such a poisonous gas. “Zylon B.” The Holocaust. 1997. Print

13. http://dtsdapache.hershey.k12.pa.us/wpmu/hs_eng9/2011/05/30/the-horror-of-zyklon-b/http://dtsdapache.hershey.k12.pa.us/wpmu/hs_eng9/2011/05/30/the-horror-of-zyklon-b/