Biology Chapter 3 Classification

1. BiologyChapter 3Classification 3.1 Why Things are Grouped

2. Why Things are Grouped • Classify: group things together based on similarities

3. Classifying in Everyday Life • What things do we classify?

4. How Grouping Helps Us • Easier to find • Share traits (feature that a thing has) • Faster

5. BiologyChapter 3Classification 3.2 Methods of Classification

6. Early Classification • Aristotle (Greek, lived about 2000 years ago) • First to classify living things • All living thing into two groups

7. Plants • herbs- small, soft stems • shrubs- medium size, many trunks • trees- tall, one trunk

8. Animals • live in water • live on land • live in air

9. Problems with this plan • some living things fit into more than one group • some living things change groups as they grow and develop • Used until 1700’s

10. The Beginnings of Modern Classification • Carolus Linnaeus (Swedish, 1735) • Classified plants and animals into more groups • Based system on specific traits • Gave name to organisms that described their trait- 2 part name

12. Seven Classification Groups kingdom- king phylum- Phillip class- came order- over family- from genus- Germany species- swimming

13. Two word names are genus and species People are Homo sapiens

14. BiologyChapter 3Classification 3.3 How Scientists Classify Things

15. Classify Based on How Organisms Are Related • The more closely related organisms are the more groups they share • Compare cat, lion, deer, and octopus Tables 3-2 through 3-5 p. 56-57

16. Classification Chart House Cat Dog Kingdom: Animalia Animalia Phylum: Chordata Chordata Class: Mammalia Mammalia Order: Carnivora Carnivora Family: Felidae Canidae Genus: Felis Canis Species: Felis catus Canis familiaris

17. Other Evidence Used in Classifying • Evolutionary history • The ancestors that organisms share • Similar body structures

18. Other Evidence Used in Classifying Body Chemistry • How similar are proteins (blood) • How similar is DNA (DNA fingerprinting)

19. Scientific Names Came From Classification Scientific names- Genus species • Designed by Linnaeus • Genus- always capitalized • species- always lower case • In Latin so italics or underline

20. Scientific Names Came From Classification • Sometimes scientific names sound like common names • Gorilla gorilla • Giraffa camelopadalis

21. Why Scientific Names Are Used • No mistakes • Common names occur for more than one type of organism, hawks Fig. 3-9 p. 60 • Scientific names seldom change • Scientific names are written in the same language (Latin)

22. Classification of Kingdoms • Two kingdoms- Aristotle and Linnaeus had plants and animals • Then 3 kingdoms- plants, animals, and protists • Then 5 kingdoms, plants, animals, protists, fungi, and monerans (bacteria) • Now 6 kingdoms (started in 2000, not in your textbook)

23. Archaebacteria (formerly Moneran) • Live in extreme environments- hot, salt • No nucleus or other cell parts • One celled • Unique cell wall and membrane • Unique cell processes

24. Eubacteria (formerly Moneran) • No nucleus or other cell parts • One celled • More common bacteria • Live in many places

25. Protists • Mostly one celled, some are many celled • Nucleus and other cell parts • Some like plants (algae: producers) • Some like animals (protozoans: consumers) • Some like fungi (decomposers)

26. Fungi • Have nucleus and other cell parts • Multicellular except yeast • Have cell walls • Decomposers (absorb food)

27. Plants • Nucleus and other cell parts • Multicellular • Have chlorophyll for photosynthesis • Have cell wall (don’t move)

28. Animals • Nucleus and other cell parts • Multicellular • Eat- consumers • Move from place to place

29. Classification Changes • Classification changes as we learn more about organisms and their relationship to each other.