1 / 27

The End of Empire

The End of Empire. Mr. Ermer World History AP Miami Beach Senior High. India. After WWII, Asian nations seek independence Winston Churchill suspends self-rule initiatives Succeeded by Labor PM Clement Attlee Attlee more inclined toward dismantling empire

barton
Télécharger la présentation

The End of Empire

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The End of Empire Mr. Ermer World History AP Miami Beach Senior High

  2. India • After WWII, Asian nations seek independence • Winston Churchill suspends self-rule initiatives • Succeeded by Labor PM Clement Attlee • Attlee more inclined toward dismantling empire • As India moves closer toward independence, communalism on the rise • Communalism stresses religious rather than national identity (Great Calcutta Killing) • Nehru and Gandhi against partition of India • August 15, 1947: India and Pakistan created, freed • Gandhi predicts “rivers of blood,” refugees migrate • Rivalries build between the two states • Indian independence inspires movements elsewhere • Nonaligned Movement: resists picking sides in Cold War

  3. 1947: Partition of British India

  4. Vietnam • Vietnam fights post-war France for independence • The United States supported French claim to colonies • Vietnamese Nationalist leader, Ho Chi Minh, leads communist Viet Minh against France • Issues Vietnamese Declaration of Independence • China sends military aid to Viet Minh • 1954: Viet Minh defeat French at Dienbienphu • The Geneva Conference • Partitioning of Vietnam along seventeenth parallel • North Vietnam: Communist with capital at Hanoi • South Vietnam: non-communist with capital at Saigon • Ngo Dinh Diem: president of South Vietnam with U.S. support • Diem’s cruel rule unpopular among Vietnamese in south • 1960: National Liberation Front (NLF) fights against Diem’s forces • Buddhists practice self-immolation

  5. French Indochina

  6. War in Vietnam • Dwight D. Eisenhower applies Domino Theory • Kennedy also applies theory, increases aid to Diem • President Johnson increases direct U.S. involvement • Fight NLF “Viet Cong” in south, bomb the north • Ho Chi Minh patiently fights against foreign influence—war of attrition • Support for war declines in the U.S. • President Nixon calls for vietnamization • Replacing of American forces with South Vietnamese • Opens dialogue with Soviets and Chinese • 1973: Paris Peace Accords • Northern forces defeat the South in 1975 • Reunification of Vietnam in 1976

  7. Israel/Palestine • Under mandate system, British made conflicting promises to Palestinian Arabs and Jewish migrants • 1917: Zionist Balfour Declaration lends British support • European Jews seek homeland, protection • Zionism gains steam across Europe • Britain allows migration of settler Jews to Palestine • British limit Jewish migration to Palestine • Promise to protect Palestinian rights • Pan-Arab Nationalism grows in opposition to Zionism • After Holocaust, Zionist commitment increases in Jews • 1945: Violent Jewish resistance to Palestinian and British rule—King David Hotel bombing of 1946 • 1947: Britain hands Palestine over to United Nations • Partition of Palestine into two states, Jewish and Arab • Civil War erupts, Palestinians see partition as unacceptable • 1948: Jewish forces proclaim creation of State of Israel • Series of conflicts helps Israel expand territory

  8. Egypt • Egypt leads Arab world against Israel • 1952: Egyptian military ousts King Farouk • Gamal Abdel Nasser and Egyptian military in power • Eschew democracy and constitutional government • Suppress communists and Muslim Brotherhood • 1954: Nasser names self prime-minister • Militarization and industrialization • Nasser sees Cold War alliances as new imperialism • Joins Nehru’s nonaligned movement • Condemns Baghdad Pact • Gets assistance from both U.S. and Soviets • Sends aid to Algerians fighting French • Opposes Israel as a settler colony of Europeans • Abolished British military control of Suez Canal

  9. Africa • 1954: French begin to fight for control of Algeria • 1954-1960: Most other French African colonies freed • French fight the Front de LibérationNationale (FNL) • 1955: FNL moves into urban areas, France sends troops • 1962: Algeria gains independence, Frantz Fanon writes • 1960: The Year of Africa • African elites form cultural and political institutions • 1957: Ghana gains independence from Britain • Kwame Nkrumah becomes leader, African symbol • Non-violence and mass action • Kenya fights for independence, bloody conflict • South Africa’s apartheid regime • 1948: Afrikaner National Party comes to power • Creates racially segregated society • African National Congress fights for equality • 1989: F. W. de Klerk negotiates transition with Nelson Mandela

  10. Communist China • Mao Zedong’s CCP reunifies China • China emulates Soviet style Five Year Plans in 1955 • Build infrastructure and heavy industry • Collectivization of agricultural lands • Women’s rights • The Great Leap Forward (1958-1961) • Failed attempt to overtake other economies by collectivization of entire economy • The Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) • Targeted teachers, artists, elites, professionals • Many beaten, jailed, killed by young zealots, damages unity • Deng Xiaoping succeeds Mao in 1981 • Opens trade with West, undoes some of Mao’s ideas • Tiananmen Square

  11. Indian Democracy • 1966: Indira Gandhi is leader of Congress Party • Serves as prime minister 1966-1977, 1980-1984 • Institutes Green Revolution • Experiences challenges in keeping India united • Sectarian violence • Out of control birth rates • Government sterilization programs • Amritsar genocide of Sikhs • Gandhi assassinated by Sikh bodyguards in 1984 • Rajiv Gandhi takes power in 1985, assassinated in 1991

  12. The Middle East • 1970: Rise of Islamism and Pan-Arab Nationalism • Many Muslims lament loss of Islamic values, sharia • Rise of Pan-Islamic unity, extremism • Western social norms blamed for decline of Islamic societies, secularization, political failures • Anger directed toward Europe and the United States • Extremists use concept of jihad to legitimize terrorism • The Iranian Revolution • U.S. support of Shah Pahlavi militarizes Iran • Oil money helps Iran industrialize, Islamism on the rise • Many resent influence of foreign oil companies, gov’ts • Students, small business owners, liberal politicians oppose Shah • Ayatollah Khomeini leads Islamic Revolution in 1979 • Revolution strongly anti-American • Iraq’s Saddam Hussein invades Iran to take advantage • Iraq-Iran War lasts until 1988

  13. Argentina • Transformation of pampas to farmlands • Controlled by oligarquia with government support • European upper-class creates urban culture in Buenos Aires, support British business • European & American goods make up most manufactured goods in Argentina, railroads speak English • 1920s: HipolitoIrigoyen elected president • Increased ties and trade with US and Europe • Rapid industrialization, prosperity • Series of military coups ends with Juan Peron’s rise • At first creates Nazi inspired fascist/military government • After Nazi’s lose, Peron reinvents his politics • Eva Duarte Peron’s championing of the descamisados • 1946: Perons establish populist dictatorship

More Related