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The End of the Palestine Mandate and the Creation of Israel

The End of the Palestine Mandate and the Creation of Israel. IAFS/JWST 3650. Announcements. Tues: Faculty Teaching Excellence Program will gather feedback Thurs: Library session in Norlin E303. Outline. World War II events Partition plans Moyne assassination Post-war Palestine

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The End of the Palestine Mandate and the Creation of Israel

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  1. The End of the Palestine Mandate and the Creation of Israel IAFS/JWST 3650

  2. Announcements • Tues: Faculty Teaching Excellence Program will gather feedback • Thurs: Library session in Norlin E303

  3. Outline • World War II events • Partition plans • Moyne assassination • Post-war Palestine • External pressure • Arab-Jewish civil war • First Arab-Israeli war

  4. World War II • 1941: Mufti to Germany • WWII: increase in British-Jewish tension • Stern Gang attacks on British targets

  5. Partition Discussions • 1943: Churchill’s Cabinet Committee on Palestine proposes partition: —“The one thing that can make a judgment of Solomon possible is the swift and clean cut. What we cannot afford to do is to saw away slowly at a squealing infant in the presence of two hysterical mothers and amid the ululations of a chorus of equally hysterical relatives in the Arab and Jewish world.”

  6. Partition Discussions • Foreign Office opposition to partition • Nov 1944: Lord Moyne’s assassination

  7. Partition Discussions • Churchill outraged —“If our dreams for Zionism are to end in the smoke of an assassin's pistol, and the labours for its future produce a new set of gangsters worthy of Nazi Germany, then many like myself will have to reconsider the position we have maintained so consistently and so long in the past.” • End to any serious British consideration of partition

  8. Postwar Palestine • 1945: Foreign Secretary Ernest Bevin on Britain’s difficulties in Palestine —“The lack of any clear definition of this dual obligation has been the main cause of the trouble which has been experienced in Palestine during the past 26 years.” • Shifting demographic balance: Jewish population rises from 11% (1922) to 32% (1945)

  9. Postwar Palestine • Increasing American sympathy for Zionists, pressure on Britain • Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry

  10. Quickthink • Why do you think the British used so many commission in Palestine?

  11. Postwar Palestine • Feb 1947: British request that UN solve Palestine problem • Nov 1947: UN General Assembly approval of UNSCOP partition plan • Arab-Jewish civil war in Palestine

  12. Postwar Palestine • May 1948: official end of Britain’s Palestine Mandate • 14 May 1948: Israeli declaration of independence • First Arab-Israeli war, Palestinian exodus

  13. Origins of Palestinian Refugee Crisis • Traditional Zionist narrative: Arab leaders urged Palestinians to leave • Revisionist view (Morris): Zionist/Israeli forces used atrocities to terrify Palestinians into flight • DeirYasin massacre (9 Apr 1948)

  14. Origins of Palestinian Refugee Crisis • To Arabs, 1948 exodus = nakba (catastrophe) • Role of diaspora in post-1948 Palestinian identity • 133,000 of pre-war Arab population of 860,000 remained in Israel

  15. UN Partition Planand 1949 Armistice Lines

  16. 1949 Armistice • Israel crushed Arab opposition in 1948 • Jan-Jul 1949: ceasefire negotiations • 1949 armistice lines function as Israeli boundaries (til 1967)

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