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DNA 複製

DNA 複製. 龍生龍,鳳生鳳 貓生貓,狗生狗 DNA 複製 複雜 規律性 邏輯 忠實、嚴謹. DNA replication 複製. DNA replication DNA 複製的特性 DNA 複製的步驟 DNA polymerase and DNA ligase RNA 基因組的複製 . DNA 複製特性. 半保留方式 雙向 5‘ 至 3’ 連續複製與不連續複製. DNA 代謝. DNA replication DNA repair DNA recombination. 複製 複製單位 互補股 半保留複製.

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DNA 複製

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  1. DNA 複製 • 龍生龍,鳳生鳳 • 貓生貓,狗生狗 • DNA複製 • 複雜 • 規律性 • 邏輯 • 忠實、嚴謹

  2. DNA replication複製 • DNA replication • DNA複製的特性 • DNA複製的步驟 • DNA polymerase and DNA ligase • RNA基因組的複製

  3. DNA複製特性 • 半保留方式 • 雙向 • 5‘至3’ • 連續複製與不連續複製

  4. DNA 代謝 • DNA replication • DNA repair • DNA recombination

  5. 複製 • 複製單位 • 互補股 • 半保留複製 • Questions? • 原核與真核DNA複製方式有何不同? • 如何證明DNA複製是半保留方式?

  6. DNA replication • 以DNA為模板template • 製造出DNA的過程

  7. 複製單位replicon • Replication unit • 起始點origin • 終止點terminus

  8. 複製方式不同 • 原核:1個replicon • 一氣呵成 • 真核 • 分段進行 • 哺乳類有5-10萬個replicon • bubbles

  9. 原核生物複製DNA雙向進行 OriC DNA replication

  10. 原核生物複製DNA雙向進行 Polymerase III: most of the DNA synthesis Polymerase I: fill in the gap in the lagging strand DNA replication

  11. 真核生物複製DNA多點雙向進行 DNA replication

  12. 真核生物複製DNA多點雙向進行 DNA replication

  13. DNA複製—起始 • Replication unit • 起始點origin • 終止點terminus

  14. DNA複製特性 • 半保留複製 • Watson and Crick最早提出 • 如何證實? DNA replication

  15. DNA replication

  16. CsCl密度梯度離心 • 放射線標定 • M. Meselon and F. Stahl, 1958 DNA replication

  17. DNA replication

  18. Density labeling and centrifugation Fig. 16.9 DNA replication

  19. 第0代 N15 (100%) • 第1代 N14N15 (100%) • 第2代 N14 (50%), N14N15 (50%) • 第3代 N14 (75%), N14N15 (25%) • SEMICONSERVATION DNA replication

  20. Matthew Meselsen & Frank Stahl梅瑟生與史達 1958 DNA replication

  21. DNA複製特性(續) • 方向:5‘至3’ • 單向合成unidirectional replication • MINOR • 雙向合成didirectional replication • MAJOR

  22. DNA複製特性 • 為一種合成反應 • DNA polymerase I 聚合酶I • DNA polymerase III 聚合酶III • Primase 引發酶 • DNA ligase 黏接酶 • DNA pyrophosphatase 焦磷酸酶 • DNA gyrase 回旋酶 • Helicase 解旋酶

  23. (亞瑟.孔伯)Arthur Kornberg • 找到複製DNA的酵素 • DNA polymerase I 聚合酶I • E. Coli • in vitro • DNA polymerase III • 真正參與體內DNA合成之聚合酶 DNA replication

  24. DNA複製特性 • DNA為模板 • 合成一段RNA為primer • Hybridizaton: H bond • From 3’-OH of primer • dNTP為原料 • 加入一個核苷酸 • 磷酸高能鍵被打斷 • 焦磷酸pyrophosphate釋出

  25. 複製方向? • 5‘ 3’

  26. DNA複製模式 • 一股為連續合成continuous • Leading strand • 一股為不連續合成discontinuous • Lagging strand • R. Okazaki, 1968 • E. coli

  27. 如何讓ds DNA維持分開狀態?

  28. DNA replication

  29. The replication fork is where the action is!

  30. Okazaki fragment • 原核:1000-2000 nucleotides • 真核:100-200 nucleotides

  31. Many enzymes involved DNA replication

  32. DNA polymerase and ligase • DNA polymerase I • DNA polymerase III

  33. DNA replication

  34. DNA replication

  35. DNA replication

  36. Function of DNA polymerase --the enzyme that can synthesis a new strand on a template strand In E.Coli DNA polymerase I: coded by polA DNA polymerase II: coded by polB DNA polymerase III:coded by polC --multisubunit In Phage--T4 ,SPO1 ,T5 ,T7 Code for DNA polymerase DNA replication

  37. II III DNA polymerase I polymerase 3‘ + + + 5‘ exonuclease 5‘ + + + 3‘ + - - exonuclease 3‘ 5‘ - - + Replicase MW (kDa) 90 900 103 Numbers 400 ??? 10-20 Bioactivity 1 0.05 15 Gene pol A pol B pol C* Summary In Bacteria DNA replication

  38. In Eukaryotic β γ ε δ α DNA polymerase Nu Nu Mito Nu Nu location Priming replication replication function repairing repairing replicase 5‘-3’ plolymerization + + + + + - - + + + 3‘-5’ exonuclease DNA replication

  39. DNA ligase • Nick • gap

  40. Ligation ligase Phage--ATP E.coli--NAD Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide *T4 DNA ligase DNA replication

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