GU, Lixin 顾立欣 World Bank Office Beijing 世界银行北京办公室

1. The Role of EIA in Project PreparationEIA 在项目准备其间的作用Some Examples in Urban Development Sector城市发展项目中的实例 GU, Lixin 顾立欣 World Bank Office Beijing 世界银行北京办公室

2. World Bank Urban Development Portfolio in China世界银行对中国城市发展领域的支持

3. (Million US$)

4. Key Elements of World Bank EA (EIA) Policies世行EA政策的核心内容 • EA Category (EA分类); (Category A: likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts; Category B: potential adverse environmental impacts; Category c: likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental impacts) • Alternatives Analysis (多方案比较); • Preventive Measures (预防措施),including Preventing, Minimizing, Mitigating or Compensating for Adverse Environmental Impacts; • Environmental Management Plan (EMP) (环境管理计划)

5. EIA Requirement for the Urban Projects城市项目EA的要求 • All the Projects Were Classified as Category A for EIA, Except One Rural Water Supply Project (城建项目几乎全部归为A类); • 80% of World Bank’s Projects in China were Classified as Category A for EIA (世行中国项目80%列为A类); • A Three Horse Driving Wagon for Project Preparation: Feasibility Study, EIA and RAP, which Lead to Project Appraisal (项目准备三驾马车, 可行性研究, EA和RAP)

6. Case I: Liuzhou Urban Environment Project实例一: 柳州城市环境项目 • The Project: WW Management (4 WW Systems), River Rehabilitation, Sanitation Control (92 Toilets), Solid Waste Management (one SW Transfer Station), and TA Activities项目内容:污水管理, 河道整治, 环卫, 固废管理 • Project Cost: US$205 million including US$100 million World Bank Loan项目投资2.05 亿美元, 包括世行1亿美元

7. Alternative Analysis for Wastewater Systems • Original Proposal: Five Catchments with Five WWTWs最初方案: 五个截流区建设五座污水处理厂 • The Client and Design Institute were Requested to Carry out Alternative Analysis by Engineering and EIA Specialists世行工程师和环境专家要求设计院和环评单位一起做多方案比较 • Three More Options were Presented with Environmental Consideration of the Potential Impact of WWTWs on Jinglan Catchment which is the New Area for Liuzhou City Expansion考虑到污水厂对静兰区, 柳州城市发展新区的影响, 又考虑了三个方案 • Four Alternatives Compared and Option 2 Selected四个方案比较后选了方案二

8. Solid Waste Transfer Stations垃圾转运站 • Three Transfer Stations Proposed (Zhanggongling, Guiliu and Baisha)初期提出三个转运站 • Two were Assessed in EIA (Baisha was Rejected due to Land Acquisition Reason) EA对其中两个进行评价 • EIA Concluded that Zhanggongling Was not an Appropriate Site (H2S, Noise, Public Opposition), and Finally was Rejected. 结论认为张公岭转运站选址不当而拒绝 • Solution was sought by Adjusting Waste Transport System to Guiliu Transfer Station before One More New Site is Selected建议先建桂柳转运站, 并调整转运系统来满足需求

9. Case II. Second Tianjing Urban Development and Environment Project实例二: 天津城市环境项目二期 • The Project: City and Suburban Drainage and WW Systems, Canal Rehabilitation, Urban Roads, Public Transportation, Traffic Management, and TA Activities项目内容: 城市和郊区排水和污水系统, 河道整治, 城市道路, 公共交通, 交通管理, 技术援助 • Project Cost: US$335 million, including US$150 million World Bank Loan项目投资 3.35亿美元, 包括世行会1.5亿美元

10. EIA in Shuanglin WWTP Site Selection双林污水处理厂选址 • A 200,000 cubic meters/day Capacity WWTP serving Nanjiaowai Area, with US$55 million Investment 20万吨/天规模五千五百万美元投资 • Odor Impacts Analysis (Modeling Simulation, Site Surveys) Concluded that 100 meter Space between the Proposed WWTP and Two Villages not Enough通过模型模拟和实地调查对臭味影响分析表明污水厂和村子之间100米远远底于200-300米的要求 • EIA Suggested An Alternative Site, a Few Hundred Meters to South环评要求另外选址, 在南部几百米处

11. Recommendation Submitted to the Client Agency and Design Institute此建议交业主和设计院 • The Client Agency and Design Institute not Willing to Change, as Planning and Land Use Formalities Done交业主和设计院不愿作改变, 理由是土地和规划已决定 • EIA Practitioner Report it to EPB环评单位将此事上交市环保局 • EPB Director Put This Issue at Mayors Meeting市环保局将次案提交市长办公会 • Mayors Meeting Support EPB’s Proposal.The Site Finally Changed under Government’s Pressure市长办公会支持环保局建议, 厂址最终作了更改

12. Case III. Ningbo Water and Environment Project实例三: 宁波水环境项目 • The Project: Water Supply in Ningbo (Raw Water Supply Line, a WWP, Clean Water Transmission Pipes, City Clean Water Ring Main), and Wastewater System in Cixi (Two WWTPs and WW Collection in the Municipality), and TA Activities项目内容: 宁波供水, 慈溪污水和技术援助 • Project Cost: US$291 million, including US$130 million World Bank Loan项目投资: 2.91亿美元, 包括1.3亿世行贷款

13. Cixi WWTPs: Tertiary Treatment Process Alternatives慈溪污水项目: 三级处理工艺方案 • Tertiary Treatment Necessary (Discharge Limits Constraints for BOD, SS, TP, etc.)三级处理必需 • First Round Feasibility Study Proposed Chemical Treatment by the Design Institute可研报告建议用化学处理方法 • EIA Team Proposed Wet-land Treatment for Stable and High Quality of Effluent; EA评价建议用濕地处理以达到高质稳定出水 • Wet-land Process Selected, Which Led to A GEF Project for Cixi Engineering Wetlands and Natural Wet-lands 最终选择濕地处理, 并得到世行GEF资助

14. Northern WWTP Effluent Discharge Alternatives北部污水处理厂出水排放多方案比较 • Shortage of Water Resources in Cixi慈溪属缺水区 • Rehabilitation of Canal System河网整治 • Effluents Discharged into Canals尾水排入内河 • Design Institute Proposed Discharge into Jiutang Canal运输设计院建议排入九塘河 • EIA Team Proposed Two More Alternatives: Option 2) Discharge to Shitang, and Option 3) Multi-Discharges to Both Jiutang and Shitang Canals环评增加两个方案, 排入十塘, 或排入九塘和十塘 • Option 3 was Finally Adopted 最终选择方案三

15. Conclusions结论 • Early and Upstream Intervention through EIA is Possible and Most Effective环评在项目早期介入是可能并最有效的 • Design Institute and EIA Team Need to Work Shoulder by Shoulder 设计院和环评单位应通力合作 • Late Changes are More Difficult, Need Strong Intervention后期作改变十分困难, 需要有力的干预 • Need to Have EIA as Part or Sub-Contract of FS Team? 是否可以考虑将环评作为可研一部分或可研的子合同?