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Lingvistika dvacátého století

Lingvistika dvacátého století. Přednáška 16. 3. 2009. Příklad transformace:. Pasivizace aktivní věty v angličtině SA: NP 1 Aux V NP 2 1 2 3 4 SC: 4 2+be+en 3 by+1 John chose a book ▼ A book was (=Aux+ be ) chosen (=V +en) by John (= by +NP 1 ).

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Lingvistika dvacátého století

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  1. Lingvistika dvacátého století Přednáška 16. 3. 2009

  2. Příklad transformace: Pasivizace aktivní věty v angličtině SA: NP1 Aux V NP2 1 2 3 4 SC: 4 2+be+en 3 by+1 John chose a book ▼ A book was (=Aux+be) chosen (=V+en)by John (=by+NP1)

  3. The enemy destroyed the city. The city was destroyed by the enemy. the enemy’s destruction of the city the city’s destruction by the enemy destroy – destruction,prove – proof, refuse – refusal, amuse – amusement, ...

  4. Princip zachování struktury (Emonds 1976; podle Testelec 2001, s. 540): S NP Aux VP V NP PP P NP Δ was defeated Germany by Russia * was defeated by Russia Germany * Germany was Russia defeated by

  5. Teorie X´: paralely ve výstavbě frázových kategorií: (i) VP → V AdjP → AdjAdvP → Adv NP → N (ii) the enemy.act destroyed the city.pat the enemy’s.act destruction of the city.pat pravidla, která nemají v přirozeném jazyce opodstatnění: NP → Adj VP V → PP AdjP VP→ NP V V AdjP V PP

  6. Teorie X´: X’’ (= XP) NP PP Spec Det Adv X’ N’ P’ X N P Compl PP NP the student of physics right below the window X’’ → (Spec) X’ X’→ X (Compl)

  7. Teorie X´: S’ S’ → (C) S S → NP Infl VP C →that C S NP Infl VP

  8. S’ (C) S NP Infl VP N’ V’ N V NP S’ C S N’ řekl učitel že NP N Infl VP tatínkovi Det N’ V’ PP ten AdjP N V NP AdvP P’ kluk píše Adj’ P NP N’ Adv’ ve Adj AdjP N N’ Adv malý přímo úkol Adj’ N škole Adj domácí

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