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Canine Medical Care (FEMA Med Spec Course Unit 11A)

Canine Medical Care (FEMA Med Spec Course Unit 11A). Canadian Disaster Medical Specialist Course October 8-12, 2013. Search Canine Veterinary Care.

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Canine Medical Care (FEMA Med Spec Course Unit 11A)

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  1. Canine Medical Care(FEMA Med Spec Course Unit 11A) Canadian Disaster Medical Specialist CourseOctober 8-12, 2013

  2. Search Canine Veterinary Care Please note: This presentation is based entirely on the FEMA/TEEX Disaster Medical Specialist Course (Unit 11A) and is used by CanTF2 with verbal permission from FEMA/TEEX.

  3. Objectives • Identify Medical Team’s responsibilities and roles in canine care • Discuss canine evaluation model • Discuss canine illness, injury and treatment in urban search and rescue • Identify veterinary resources • Identify euthanasia issues

  4. OBJECTIVE 1 Medical Team’s Responsibilities/ Roles in Canine Care

  5. Medical Team’s Role • Assist handlers • Mobilization and post-shift physical exams • Mobilization: Temp, pulse, resp, auscultate • Post-shift: Vitals, chest, eyes, skin, feet • Provide care for minor to moderate illness/injury • Provide emergent care

  6. Medical Team’s Role • Arrange referral veterinary care • Local, provincial, or regional resources • Private practice, small animal veterinarians • Veterinary emergency clinics and hospitals • Notify of particularly high-risk operations

  7. Handler’s Responsibility • Bring healthy, immunized animal • Core vaccinations • Recommended vaccinations (AAHA) • Provide preventive care • Rest, food, fluids, medications, etc. • Bring canine health problems to Medical Team’s attention • Control animal before evaluation • Assist in evaluation and care

  8. Pre-Deployment Information • Current annual physical, vaccines, travel documents if required • Mobilization check-in • Hydration, pulse, respiration, attitude, temperature • Immediate health concerns • Infectious disease • Current injuries/illness • Recent medical/surgical history • Reproductive status (no females in heat!) • Nutrition

  9. Canine Medical Intelligence • Canine health threats • Trauma • Vectors • Endemic diseases • Environmental Conditions • Hazardous materials • Inhalation, skin contact, ingestion

  10. Canine Health Maintenance • Review canine health information at mobilization site • Assist handlers with preventive care • Water and food • Transportation mode safety • Work-rest cycles • Anticipated mission hazards • Hygiene or decontamination at end of operational periods • Daily check in with medical team

  11. Preventive Medicine: Hydration

  12. Preventive Medicine: Eye and Nasal Irrigation

  13. Preventive Medicine: Work-Rest Cycles

  14. Preventive Medicine: Paw Pad Inspection

  15. Preventive Medicine: Periodic Examinations

  16. Preventive Medicine: End of Operational Period Hygiene and Decon

  17. Evacuation: Preplan Veterinary Emergency Evacuation and Care

  18. Referral Capabilities/Medical Plan • Surgical/trauma • Critical Care • Extended Care • Specialties • Ophthalmology • Orthopedics

  19. Emergent Canine Medical Care • Minor problems • Major illness/injury • Definitive versus supportive care • Similar to emergency medicine • Veterinary medicine referral • IST veterinarian via IST medical • Local vs tertiary veterinary care

  20. Emergency Veterinary Care • Lateral recumbent or prone position • Airway • Breathing • Circulation • Prevent heat loss • Splint fractures • Control Pain

  21. Assessment of Life-Threatening Conditions: Airway Does animal have patent airway?

  22. Emergency Veterinary Care • Airway Assessment • Extend neck, open jaws, pull tongue forward and depress posterior tongue (laryngoscope, tongue depressor) • For suspected cervical spine injury maintain lateral recumbent position and head/neck in neutral position

  23. Emergency Veterinary Care • Airway: Apneic Patient • Face-to-Face technique: • Retract tongue and place laryngoscope to base of tongue. Vocal cords are easily visualized. • Tie end of endotracheal tube to maxilla (top of snout) using gauze to stabilize the tube • Endotracheal tube size: 8.0-12.0 mm O.D. • Consider digital intubation

  24. Assessment of Life-Threatening Conditions: Breathing

  25. Emergency Veterinary Care • Breathing • BVM assisted ventilation • Supplemental oxygen • 100% if available • Needle thoracostomy

  26. Breathing • Not intubated • Mouth-to-Nose (visible chest rise) • Intubated • Rate 20-25 breaths/minute, visible chest rise • 1:3 ratio with CPR, continuous chest compression • If alone give 2 ventilations to every 15 compressions • 100% oxygen if possible

  27. Assessment of Life-Threatening Conditions: Circulation

  28. Emergency Veterinary Care • Circulation • Direct pressure control of hemorrhage • Femoral pulse • IV 0.9%NS fluid bolus, 20-30ml/kg Q 15 minutes, not to exceed 90 ml/kg/hr first hour with reassessment q15 min, then titrate to effect

  29. Circulation • If pulseless: place on left lateral side in trendelenburg • Trauma patients are left on whatever side they present • Compression- palm of hand over highest part of chest • Rate – 100 per minute

  30. OBJECTIVE 2 Canine Evaluation

  31. Canine Evaluation • Handler • Provides history • Conveys dog’s behavioral norm • Assists in exam and treatment • Monitors animal to the extent of their individual capability • Given guidelines w/r to TPR • Report changes to medical

  32. Canine Evaluation • Medical Personnel • Similar to pediatric patent • Careful observation • Gentle thorough exam, head to tail • Respiratory status, perfusion, mental status • Pain control as needed • Veterinary consultation early

  33. Canine Evaluation • Normal values based on 80 to 90 lb dog • Heart rate (60-140 beats/min): 120/min • Sinus arrhythmia is normal • Heart rate can be to 180/min after exercise • Respiratory rate (10-30): 24/min • Core Temperature (100.5-102.5F): 101.5F

  34. Canine Evaluation • Normal Values • Water maintenance ~Approximately 2-4ml/kg/hr or 3 L/24h (delete) • Additional workload needs • Palpable femoral pulse: Systolic SBP > 75 mmHg • Blood glucose: 80-125 mg/dl

  35. Evaluation

  36. Restraint • Muzzle and restraint during examination and minor procedures • Basket muzzle recommended with facial trauma or to allow panting

  37. Pulse Check

  38. Hydration and Cap Refill

  39. Canine Anatomy

  40. OBJECTIVE 3 Illness/Injury

  41. Common Problems • Paw pad foreign body or laceration • Broken toenail • Eye foreign body • Laceration • Skin infections • Fractures, soft tissue contusions

  42. Common Problems • Hyperthermia, hypothermia • Vomiting/diarrhea • UTI • Toxic ingestion • Seizure (consider hypoglycemia) • Allergy

  43. Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus Syndrome • Stomach obstruction due to twisting of the stomach, fatal if untreated • Signs • Distended tympanic abdomen • Non-productive retching • Restless pacing, salivation • Shock

  44. Gastric Dilation-Volvulus Complex • Plan • Oxygen • Start fluid resuscitation • 20-30 ml/kg IV into forelegs • Consider OG tube for stomach decompression • EVACUATE

  45. Head Trauma • Treatment • Oxygen • Elevate head • Maintain perfusion • EVACUATE

  46. Spinal Trauma • Treatment • Immobilize in lateral position on a board • Pain control • EVACUATE

  47. Fractures • Treatment • Immobilize • Pain control • EVACUATE

  48. Wounds • Minor • Clean and bandage • Laceration closure • Major • Cover with protective dressing • Immobilize dog if possible • Pain control: topical lidocaine for foot pad; up to 2 mg/kg lidocaine local wound infiltration for skin

  49. Ocular Injuries • Red eyes • Irrigate • Assess for corneal ulcers, retained foreign body • Ocular trauma • Irrigate, lubricate (artificial tears or topical antibiotic) • Consider ‘E’ collar to prevent self-trauma • EVACUATE

  50. Splinting

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