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What is Cloud Computing?

What is Cloud Computing?. Why call it “Cloud” Computing?. Cloud Computing Key Properties. Advantages. Shift from CAPEX to OPEX Lowers barrier for starting a new business/project Can be cheaper even in the long run Economies of scale Geography. Advantages. Instant agility Security

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What is Cloud Computing?

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  1. What is Cloud Computing?

  2. Why call it “Cloud” Computing?

  3. Cloud Computing Key Properties

  4. Advantages • Shift from CAPEX to OPEX • Lowers barrier for starting a new business/project • Can be cheaper even in the long run • Economies of scale • Geography

  5. Advantages • Instant agility • Security • Reliability

  6. Challenges • Performance predictability (QoS) • Vendor lock-in

  7. Challenges • Security and privacy • Data transfer bottleneck • Uploading 10 TB over 20 Mbps link takes 45 days!

  8. Cloud-friendly Applications • Existing apps that do not require specialized hardware resources • Internet scale apps • Large user base • Geographic distribution • Apps with elastic demands • Burst computing

  9. Cloud Computing Taxonomy • Infrastructure/hardware as a Service (IaaS) • Platform as a Service (PaaS) • Software/Framework as a Service (SaaS/FaaS)

  10. Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) • Also know as Utility Computing • VM images of different OS flavors • Can run any application natively on chosen OS • User administers VMs • User in charge of elasticity and failover • Almost like buying your how HW • Billing: • CPU hour • Gigabyte of storage per month • Network traffic in and out of datacenter • Examples: • Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), Rackspace

  11. Platform as a Service (PaaS) • Application need to conform to provider’s API • VM managed automatically by provider • Automatic scaling and failover • Billing: • CPU hour • Gigabyte of storage per month • Network traffic in and out of datacenter • Examples: • Google App Engine, Microsoft Azure, Heroku

  12. Software/Framework as a Service (SaaS/FaaS) • SaaS: services and applications available on an on-demand basis. • FaaS: a configurable SaaS • Billing: • Application specific • Per hour • Per transaction • Examples: • Salesforce.com • Google Docs

  13. How do they stack up?

  14. Choosing between IaaS and PaaS • IaaS • Use third party sw or other programming languages • Have existing code • Care about lock in • Transfer web app to your own server or a different provider • Want complete control • Are OK with the extra work needed to manage the system • PaaS • Provider’s API provider all needed functionality • Have no issues with lock-in • Don’t want to or cannot afford to manage the servers

  15. Amazon Web Services

  16. Regions and Availability Zones • Region • Set of Availability Zones located in one geographic area • Currently 8 regions: • Virginia, California, Oregon, IrelandSingapore, Australia, Tokio, Sao Paulo • Availability Zone • Independent failure domains • Distinct location • Independent power grid and network connection • Zones within a region networked with inexpensive low-latency connections • Example: us-east-1a, us-east1b, us-east-1c, us-east-1d

  17. Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) • Introduced in 2006 (beta), 2007 (full production version) • Based on Xen virtualization • Introduced Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) • Rent a server on an hourly basis • Renting one instance for 10,000 hours is just as cheap as renting 10,000 instances for an hour.

  18. EC2 Instance • Definition: an active virtual server • Created from an Amazon Machine Image (AMI) • Like a boot CD. Root image with everything necessary to start an instance: • Large number of images available

  19. Usage Model • Single AMI used to create multiple instances • Customized for application • Typically, all applications are pre-loaded • Instance are ephemeral • Created when needed • Terminated when demand goes away • Instance storage (FS) is ephemeral • Goes away when the instance is terminated • Persistent storage: • Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS) volume • S3, RDS, SimpleDB, DynamoDB

  20. Instance Types • One EC2 Compute Unit provides the equivalent CPU capacity of a 1.0-1.2 GHz 2007 Opteron or 2007 Xeon processor.

  21. Create a Custom EC2 Instance • Select AMI • Choose instance type • Choose availability zone • Set key-pair • Set security group • ssh into instance • e.g., ssh –i .ssh/csc309.pem ubuntu@ec2-107-20-227-144.compute-1.amazonaws.com • Customize • Create Image

  22. Security Group • Network firewall rules for instance • By default instance is not accessible • Can limit by protocol, port, source IP

  23. Key Pairs • SSH credentials to log into instance • Install private key (pem file) in .ssh • ssh –i <keypair>.pem <user>@<instance> • e.g., ssh –i .ssh/ece1779.pem ubuntu@23.21.224.179

  24. ami-cafc53a2 • Ubuntu 14 • Apache2 • sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 start|stop • /var/www/html #root for all web documents • /var/log/apache2 #apache server logs • PHP • /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini # php configuration file • Other tools • eclipse • twm, fvwm, kde • vnc • vncpasswd # create .vnc/passwd file • vncserver -geometry 1400x900 :1 # starts a new vncserver on display 1 • mysql-workbench

  25. Recommended Reading The Cloud at Your ServiceJothy Rosenberg and Art Mateos Cloud Computing BibleBarrie Sosinsky Programming Amazon Web ServicesJames Murty Programming Google App EngineDan Sanderson

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