Understanding the Page Layout Example Question. Assessment Criteria: this is what is being

1. Understanding the Page Layout Example Question. Assessment Criteria: this is what is being tested in the question. Example Answer: the blue textgives examples of different levels of an answer. The black italicised text shows the Edexcel mark scheme used for the level. The Top Tip gives pointers This button returns Navigation Buttons on improving your answers. to the question menu.

2. There are a seven rules that apply to every single exam answer. • Answer the actual question.This may sound obvious, but if you don’t do this, you can’t get good marks. • Stop and think before you start writing an answer. • Planning exactly what you are writing about will help you to get the best marks. • Always use the words of the question at the beginning and in your answer.This will help you to focus an actually answering the set question. • Frequently check that you are still answering the set question how it actually asks you to. • Timing. Divide the minutes available by the total marks to find out how much time to spend on each answer. • Planning. This is essential for your answers to questions 3, 4 and 5, as they involve writing an essay. • Answer the right number of questions. In this exam, all of the questions are compulsory. • Question 1 carries 6 marks. What can you learn from Source A about life in Britain in 1942 ? • Question 2 carries 8 marks. Why was this newspaper article published? • Question 3 carries 10 marks. Do sources A and B support the evidence of Source C about the impact of the welfare state? • Question 4 carries 10 marks. How reliable are sources D and E as evidence of people’s experience of the welfare state? • Question 5 carries 16 marks. “The introduction of the welfare state was a change that was welcomed by everyone.” • How far do the sources in the paper support this statement? Inrto

3. Click the links to access the example answers Question 1 Study Source A. What can you learn from Source A about life in Britain in 1942 ? 6 marks Question 2 8 marks Study Source B and use your own knowledge. Why was this newspaper article published? Use details from the source and your own knowledge to explain your answer. Question 3 10 marks Study Sources A, B and C. Do Sources A and B support the evidence of Source C about the impact of the welfare state? Explain your answer using the sources. Question 4 10 marks Study Sources D and E and use your own knowledge. How reliable are sources D and E as evidence of people’s experience of the welfare state? Explain your answer, using Sources D and E and your own knowledge. Question 5 16 marks Study all the sources (A to F) and use your own knowledge. “The introduction of the welfare state was a change that was welcomed by everyone.” How far do the sources in the paper support this statement? Use details from the sources and your own knowledge to explain your answer. What should I revise? Examination Hints and Techniques Intro Print the Sources

4. What should I revise? Question 1 Is a source comprehension and inference and inference support question. Tip: No factual revision is required, but review the example answer and make sure that you understand about inferences and how to support conclusions. Question 2 Is a source comprehension and interpretation, message and purpose question. This requires that you are able to read and understand Source B, identify and explain its message and then use this to explain why it was produced. To do this you need to think about who produced it and to use your own knowledge of what was happening at the time that it was produced (contextual knowledge). Tip: This question is testing that you have studied the whole syllabus, so it could be on almost anything. Carefully study the example answer to understand how. Question 3 are comprehension, interpretation, and cross-referencing and recall of knowledge question. This requires you to compare three sources, namely A, B and C. You will be expected to read and interpret the meaning of the sources and to compare them for points of similarity and difference. For the top marks you will be expected to support what you say with evidence drawn from the sources as well as your own contextual knowledge and to consider the degree to which they support each other. Tip: Carefully study the example answer to understand how to answer these questions. It is very important that you focus on what the questions asks you to write about, in this case: “ To what extent do these sources agree about the impact of the welfare state?” Question 4 requires the evaluation of sources for utility and recall of knowledge question. This requires you to make a supported judgement about the usefulness of two sources in order to answer a particular historical enquiry. For the higher marks you will have to discuss the nature (what the source is about and the type of source), the origin of the source (who produced it) and the purpose of the source (why it was produced). Tip: Make sure that you focus on answering the actual question. Study the top level of the example answer comments on “How reliable are sources D and E as evidence of people’s experience of the welfare state?” Study the example answers to understand how to do this. Question 5 assesses your ability to explore the evidence for and against an hypothesis (an unproven statement contained in the question), using all of the sources skills assessed in questions 3 and 4. It also expects recall of knowledge. The question also assesses your quality of written communication. To gain the best marks you will have to provide a balanced answer that uses an introduction and paragraphs to examine the evidence for and against the hypothesis that forms a part of the question. In the case of the example answer: “The introduction of the welfare state was a change that was welcomed by everyone.” Tip: You are advised to plan carefully for this answer for at least 5 minutes, before spending 20 minutes writing the answer. Study the example answer to understand how to do this. Revise topics that lend themselves to different interpretations: what was the worst effect of the Depression, was everyone badly affected by the Depression, what was the worst effect of World War 2, what was the most important result of the war, did everyone welcome the Welfare State? Menu

5. Question 1 Study Source A. What can you learn from Source A about life in Britain in 1942 ? Target: Source comprehension, inference and inference support. Example answer I can learn that there were five giants. Level One (1 mark) Students do no more than copy/paraphrase the source. The report was part of planning for the rebuilding of a better Britain after the war.Level Two (2-3 marks) Makes unsupported inferences. (3 marks for two unsupported inferences). Source A tells me that the report was part of wartime planning for the future because it mentions “five giants on the road of reconstruction”. Many people in Britain must have been poor, because there were “five giants”. Unemployment must have been one of the problems because on of the giant evils is called “idleness”. Level Three (4-6 marks) Makes supported inferences. In this question the examiner will be assessing: Source comprehension (can you understand the source?). Making an inference from the source (find extra information that the source suggests without actually saying it). Inference support (using your own knowledge to explain the inference). Top Tips Both of these will help you to give a level 3 answer. Top Tip See how the level 3 example describes what the source shows (level 1), how it makes judgements based on what the source shows (level 2) and how it supports the inferences by explaining how these decisions have been made (level 3). Notice the use of the words from the question and of the word “because” in the answer. Menu

6. Question 2 Study Source B and use your own knowledge. Why was this newspaper article published? Use details from the source and your own knowledge to explain your answer. 8 marks Targets: Source comprehension and interpretation, message and purpose Example Answer It was published to tell readers about the new benefits. OR It was published just before the Appointed Day. Level One (1-2 marks) Simple statements. The message of Source B is that the Welfare State is about to begin, as it was published two days before the Appointed Day. It explains how people will be looked after from the cradle to the grave, as it mentions … (provide supporting examples from the source). Level Two (3-5 marks) Supported statements. In this question the examiner will be assessing: Source comprehension (can you understand what the source is about?) Source interpretation (do you understand what the source really means?) Source message and purpose (do you understand the intention of the source?) Top Tip Notice how the level 2 answers explains an idea and provides a supporting example from the source. This example would earn the top of the level because it uses details from both the content and about its context. The next page shows the level 3 answer. Menu

7. Question 2 Study Source B and use your own knowledge. Why was this newspaper article published? Use details from the source and your own knowledge to explain your answer. 8 marks Targets: Source comprehension and interpretation, message and purpose Example answer The message of Source B is that the Welfare State is about to begin, as it was published two days before the Appointed Day. It explains how people will be looked after from the cradle to the grave, as it mentions all of the benefits that will be available. (provide supporting examples from the source) However, I think that the intention of the article was to criticise the introduction of the Welfare State, because it says “in a State which “takes over” its citizens”. At the time, the British people had just defeated Nazi Germany, which had exerted a strong control over it’s citizens. In addition, it ends by saying “You begin paying next Friday” which suggests a loss of the freedom to choose. Level Three (6-8 marks) Explained purpose. In this question the examiner will be assessing: Source comprehension (can you understand what the source is about?) Source interpretation (do you understand what the source really means?) Source message and purpose (do you understand the intention of the source?) Top Tip Notice how Level 3 goes beyond Level 2 because it actually answers the question, by writing about why the article was published. Because supporting examples are provided and the source is placed incontext by explaining what else was going on at the time, it would earn the full 8 marks. Menu

8. Question 3 Study Sources A, B and C. To what extent do these sources agree about the impact of the welfare state? Explain your answer using the sources. 10 marks Targets: Source comprehension and interpretation, cross-reference Example answer The sources all say that the welfare state was a good thing and that it was one of the great days in British history. One of them says that people will have to pay for it. Level One (1-3 marks) Generalised yes and/or no answers without support from the sources. Award top of level to answers which offer undeveloped yes and no points. In this question the examiner will be assessing: Source comprehension (can you understand what the source is about?) Source interpretation (do you understand what the source really means?) Source cross referencing (can you compare sources for similarity and difference?) Top Tip Notice how this level 1 answer provides statements that both agree with the statement in the question. Because they donot provide direct support by using details from the sources, they would be marked as level 1. Compare this with Level 2 on the next slide. Menu

9. Question 3 Study Sources A, B and C. To what extent do these sources agree about the impact of the welfare state? Explain your answer using the sources. 10 marks Targets: Source comprehension and interpretation, cross-reference Example answer The sources all agree that the welfare state had an important impact. Source C states it “… was one of the great days in British history …” because it conquered all of the “five giant” evils that afflicted British society. Source C appears to agree and lists the way in which the state will provide care from the cradle to the grave, with “… free doctoring, dentistry and medicine …”. However, parts of Source B are critical, because it says “You begin paying next Friday.” Level Two (4-7 marks) Answers with support from the sources. To gain marks above 6 answers must identify details which agree and disagree. In this question the examiner will be assessing: Source comprehension (can you understand what the source is about?) Source interpretation (do you understand what the source really means?) Source cross referencing (can you compare sources for similarity and difference?) Top Tip See how this level 2 answer provides support for its statements by using evidence from the sources. For the top of the level, it provides details that both agree and disagree. Compare this with the level 3 answer on the next slide. Menu

10. Question 3 Study Sources A, B and C. To what extent do these sources agree about the impact of the welfare state? Explain your answer using the sources. 10 marks Targets: Source comprehension and interpretation, cross-reference Example answer All sources demonstrate the benefits of the welfare state. In Source A, William Beveridge, as architect of the welfare state implies that it must conquer the “giant evils”. Source C provides the objective view of an historian, clearly stating its great impact. Although Source B supports the evidence of Sources A and C by detailing the many benefits, it is critical because it says that the state will “take over” peoples freedom of choice. This is because, as a newspaper it offers opinion as well as news. The Daily Mail was opposed to the extension of state power, so does not support the evidence of Source A and B. Level Three (8-10 marks) Answers which, in addition, consider the degree to which support is provided. This level also includes evaluation of sources for reliability / typicality etc. In this question the examiner will be assessing: Source comprehension (can you understand what the source is about?) Source interpretation (do you understand what the source really means?) Source cross referencing (can you compare sources for similarity and difference?) Top Tip Notice how this level 3 answer comments on the nature of the sources (the information they contain), their origin and purpose (who produced them and why) and for level 3, their reliability for answering the actual question

11. Question 4 Study Sources D and E and use your own knowledge. How reliable are sources D and E as evidence of people’s experience of the welfare state? Explain your answer, using Sources D and E and your own knowledge. 10 marks Targets: Evaluation of sources for utility (usefulness) and recall of knowledge Source D is reliable because it is a primary source, written by Aneurin Bevan. Source D is not reliable because it does not mention peoples’ experiences. Source E is useful because it contains lots of ways the welfare state helped. Level One (1-3 marks) Judgement based on simple valid criteria. Comments on reliability are based on primary or secondary, content or detail. In this question the examiner will be assessing: Evaluation of sources for utility. (Can you judge their reliability in terms of their nature, origin and purpose?) (Can you comment on their reliability for a particular purpose?) Top Tip See how the word “reliable” is used in each sentence and that both of the sources are mentioned. Source D is judged reliable because it is a primary source and unreliable on content. Source E is judged in terms the detail that it contains. Menu

12. Question 4 Study Sources D and E and use your own knowledge. How reliable are sources D and E as evidence of people’s experience of the welfare state? Explain your answer, using Sources D and E and your own knowledge. 10 marks Targets: Evaluation of sources for utility (usefulness) and recall of knowledge Source D is useful because it illustrates the benefits of the welfare state as seen from the point of view of Aneurin Bevan in 1942. He was responsible for the introduction of the NHS after the war, so it is useful for showing the thinking behind the welfare state. Source E is also useful as it details the many different ways in which Mrs Bond’s family benefited from the introduction of the welfare state. It is useful evidence because Mrs Bond is describing what she personally remembers.Level Two (4-7 marks) Judgement based on the reliability of the sources’ information. (Students extract reliable/unreliable evidence from sources. Maximum of 5 marks for only using one source) In this question the examiner will be assessing: Evaluation of sources for utility. (Can you judge their reliability in terms of their nature, origin and purpose?) (Can you comment on their reliability for a particular purpose?) Top Tip This level 2 answer makes a judgement about usefulness of both of the sources based on their nature, origin and purpose, as well as their content. The next slide will show you how to develop this answer into a level 3 answer. Menu

13. Question 4 Study Sources D and E and use your own knowledge. How reliable are sources D and E as evidence of people’s experience of the welfare state? Explain your answer, using Sources D and E and your own knowledge. 10 marks Targets: Evaluation of sources for utility (usefulness) and recall of knowledge Source D is useful because it illustrates the benefits of the welfare state as seen from the point of view of Aneurin Bevan in 1942. He was responsible for the introduction of the NHS after the war, so it is useful for showing the thinking behind the welfare state. It does not, however, give information on people’s experience of the welfare state, as it was written six years before it became a reality on the Appointed Day, on the 5thJuly 1948. Source E is also useful as it details the many different ways in which Mrs Bond’s family benefited from the introduction of the welfare state. It is useful evidence because Mrs Bond is describing what she personally remembers. Unfortunately, it only describes the experiences of one family and this may not be typical of everyone’s experience of the welfare state. Level Three (8-10 marks) Judgement combines both elements of level 2, assessing the overall reliability of the sources to the specific enquiry. Award 10 marks if evaluation of both sources meets level 3 criteria. In this question the examiner will be assessing: Evaluation of sources for utility. (Can you judge their reliability in terms of their nature, origin and purpose?) (Can you comment on their reliability for a particular purpose?) Top Tip This level 3 answer makes supported judgements about the “reliability” of both of the sources “to the specific enquiry” based on their content, nature, origin and purpose, typicability and the authoritative nature of the author of each source. Menu

14. Question 5 Study all the sources (A to F) and use your own knowledge. “The introduction of the welfare state was a change that was welcomed by everyone.” How far do the sources in the paper support this statement? Use details from the sources and your own knowledge to explain your answer. 16 Marks Targets: Use of historical source and recall of knowledge to produce a balanced evaluation of an hypothesis Most people welcomed the welfare state because it gave people benefits that they hadn’t had before. Source B describes all the things that will be free and Source E lists how the family had free glasses and false teeth. Level One (1-4 marks) Generalised answer, offers valid undeveloped comment without direct support from sources or own knowledge, or selects from the sources , but without direct linkage to the question. In this question the examiner will be assessing: Your ability to use the sources and your own knowledge to select, use and communicate evidence to support and / or oppose an hypothesis. Top Tip This answer provides a number of correct, but undeveloped statements. Because there are no links to the sources to support ideas and no attempt to actually discuss the hypothesis, it cannot earn more than four marks. Menu

15. Question 5 Study all the sources (A to F) and use your own knowledge. “The introduction of the welfare state was a change that was welcomed by everyone.” How far do the sources in the paper support this statement? Use details from the sources and your own knowledge to explain your answer. 16 Marks Targets: Use of historical source and recall of knowledge to produce a balanced evaluation of an hypothesis I agree that the welfare state was welcomed by everyone because the sources include many advantages. Source C says that its introduction was “one of the greatest days in British history”. Source F explains how Mrs Bond’s family got free treatment at the optician and dentist. Source C was written by an historian who is able to provide an objective and balanced judgement by writing forty years later. Mrs Bond is talking from personal experience and her comments are backed up by Source B, which lists the same benefits. Level Two (5-8 marks) Supported answer offers a judgement on the hypothesis and links to relevant details from the sources. Award 7-8 marks to answers which also comment on the reliability or sufficiency of the sources. In this question the examiner will be assessing: Your ability to use the sources and your own knowledge to select, use and communicate evidence to support and / or oppose an hypothesis. Top Tip This answer makes supported judgements about the “reliability” of both of the sources based on their content, nature and origin. It uses these judgements to addresses the actual question by including words from the question. Menu

16. Question 5 Study all the sources (A to F) and use your own knowledge. “The introduction of the welfare state was a change that was welcomed by everyone.” How far do the sources in the paper support this statement? Use details from the sources and your own knowledge to explain your answer. 16 Marks Targets: Use of historical source and recall of knowledge to produce a balanced evaluation of an hypothesis Many of the sources support the notion that the introduction of the welfare state was welcomed by all. In Source A the architect of the welfare state, William Beveridge, outlines the “giant evils” whose defeat was to be the result of the welfare state. In Source B the Daily Mail describes all of the new benefits that would be available in two days time on the Appointed Day. People were told that they will be cared for from before birth until after they had died. Mrs Bond’s description of how her family benefited from the welfare state further supports the hypothesis that the welfare state was welcomed by everyone. This primary evidence is backed up by the objective view of Peter Hennessy, an historian, writing forty years after the event, when he states the 5th July 1948 “was one of the great days in British history …it was the day that like no other transformed like no other the lives and life chances of the British people.” Level Three (9-12 marks) Response focuses on the issues and reaches a judgement making direct use of the sources. At this level the answer will be unbalanced and only points of agreement or disagreement will be convincingly dealt with. Award 11-12 marks to responses which also identify issues of reliability and or sufficiency of the sources. In this question the examiner will be assessing: Your ability to use the sources and your own knowledge to select, use and communicate evidence to support and / or oppose an hypothesis. Top Tip This answer makes supported judgements about the “reliability” of both of the sources based on their content, nature, origin and purpose and uses these to provide an answer. As it not a balanced argument, it is level 3. Menu

17. Question 5 Study all the sources (A to F) and use your own knowledge. “The introduction of the welfare state was a change that was welcomed by everyone.” How far do the sources in the paper support this statement? Use details from the sources and your own knowledge to explain your answer. 16 Marks Targets: Use of historical source and recall of knowledge to produce a balanced evaluation of an hypothesis Many of the sources support the notion that the introduction of the welfare state was welcomed by all. In Source A the architect of the welfare state, William Beveridge, outlines the “giant evils” whose defeat was to be the result of the welfare state. In Source B the Daily Mail describes all of the new benefits that would be available in two days time on the Appointed Day. People were told that they will be cared for from before birth until after they had died. Mrs Bond’s description of how her family benefited from the welfare state further supports the hypothesis that the welfare state was welcomed by everyone. This primary evidence is backed up by the objective view of Peter Hennessy, an historian, writing forty years after the event, when he states the 5th July 1948 “was one of the great days in British history …it was the day that like no other transformed like no other the lives and life chances of the British people.” However, not all of the sources support the hypothesis that the introduction of the welfare state was “welcomed by everyone”. In Source B, the Daily Mail is, in fact, critical of the manner in which the benefits were to available. It talks of “a new Britain, in a State which “takes over” its citizens six months before they are born …”. Britain had just fought the Second World war against a Nazi State that dominated the lives of not only its citizens, but also the peoples of occupied Europe. It then goes on the say “for 4s 11d out of your weekly pay packet.”, suggesting that the freedom of choice had been removed. There were, in fact many people who did not welcome the welfare state. It was expensive and Britain at the time was deeply in debt. Winston Churchill had lost the 1945 election partly because he had said that welfare reforms could not all be introduced at once. The welfare state was unpopular among the more wealthy who would pay increased tax to fund it and in particular among the Doctors, who feared the loss of private patients. Source F, published on the Appointed Day, shows Aneurin Bevan, the politician responsible for the introduction of the welfare state, wrestling to control a doctor and a dentist. For these reasons, it is not possible to generalise about peoples’ reactions to the introduction of the welfare state. Top Tip See how evidence to support the view that not everyone welcomed the welfare state, but that many did. At the same time the origin of sources is considered and this is used to explain the views that they express. The examiner will see evidence of your own knowledge when you explain these views. The information on Churchill and opposition from the wealthy and the Medical profession also demonstrates own knowledge. Finally the writing reaches a balanced conclusion linked to the question. Menu

18. Sources Source A “Want is one only of five giants on the road of reconstruction; the others are Disease, Ignorance, Squalor, and Idleness.” William Beveridge, Report on Social Insurance and Allied Services, 1942 Source B “On Monday morning you will wake up in a new Britain, in a State which “takes over” its citizens six months before they are born, providing care and free services for their birth, for their early years, their schooling, sickness, workless days, widowhood and retirement. Finally, it helps defray the cost of their departure. All this, with free doctoring, dentistry and medicine - free bath chairs, too, if needed - for 4s 11d out of your weekly pay packet. You begin paying next Friday.” The Daily Mail, 3rd July 1948 Source C “The fifth of July 1948 was one of the great days in British history … it was a day that transformed like no other before or since the lives and life chances of the British people.” Peter Hennessy, Never Again, Britain 1945-51, 1992 The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Source D “Society becomes more wholesome, more serene, and spiritually healthier, if it knows that its citizens have at the back of the consciousness the knowledge that not only themselves, but all their fellows, have access, when ill, to the best that medical skill can provide.” Aneurin Bevan, 1942 The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Source E “ … oh, it was fantastic. My mother and dad had been having problems with their teeth for ages, and I think they were the first at the dentist, as soon as he opened … Instead of having just a few teeth out, they had the complete set out, and had free dentures. You know? They thought it was wonderful … My sister had school supply steel rimmed spectacles for ages … As soon as the NHS started she was there, (at the) optician. Marvellous NHS spectacles, you know, some style about them … And then I had another sister, she’d had one baby and it was rather bad, she had to pay 12s 6d for a midwife, no gas and air, anything like this and just after the NHS started she had her second baby, at home … Then she thought it was absolutely wonderful, because besides having a free midwife, she had a nurse come in every day … bathed the baby, showed her how to look after it. Mrs Claire Bond, part of an interview for the a BBC’s Now the War is Over, 1985 Menu Print the Sources

19. Sources Source F Published on the 5thJuly 1948, the Appointed Day, when the NHS began. Aneurin Bevan, Minister of Health, is the central figure. http://cairsweb.llgc.org.uk/images/ilw1/ilw1381.gif Print the Sources