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The Mishnah

Explore the Mishnah, a major work of rabbinic literature that encompasses the oral law and provides a detailed framework for Jewish legal and ethical practices. Discover the subdivisions, orders, and tractates of the Mishnah and learn about its significance in preserving and interpreting the written law. This foundational text has influenced Jewish legal scholarship for centuries and serves as a valuable resource for understanding Jewish tradition and customs.

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The Mishnah

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  1. The Mishnah

  2. The Mishnah is one of the major works of rabbinic literature

  3. Mishnah • According to Jewish tradition, God gave Moses two laws at Mount Sinai: • The written law • The oral law

  4. Mishnah • The written law became the first five books of the Old Testament – the Torah • The oral law was used to preserve the relevance and application of the written law

  5. Mishnah • In Jewish tradition, the Bible is called Mikra, “that which is read” • Mishnah means “that which is repeated”

  6. Mishnah In a broad sense, Mishnah may refer to everything Moses received from God at Mount Sinai that was not in written form.

  7. Mishnah In narrow sense, Mishnah refers to a specific collection of legal opinions compiled under the direction of Rabbi Judah HaNasi (Judah the Prince)

  8. Mishnah A mishnah can also refer to the smallest subdivision of the Mishnah, a section of the text, about twice the length of a Bible verse.

  9. Mishnah The Mishnah contains the opinions and sayings of sages and rabbis from about 300 B.C.E. to 220 C.E. B.C.E. C.E.

  10. Mishnah subdivisions The Mishnah is divided into six orders or divisions called sedarim • These six orders are further subdived into tractates or massekhtot

  11. Mishnah subdivisions • The tractates are divided into chapters or perakim • The chapters are divided into mishnah verses or mishnayot

  12. Mishnah subdivisions Mishnah Orders/Divisions sedarim Tractates massekhtot Chapters perakim Mishnah verses mishnayot

  13. Seeds Agricultural laws 11 Zera’im Appointed Time Jewish holidays 12 Mo’ed Women Laws & concerns relevant to women 7 Nashim Damages Torts & casuistry, guide for public life 10* Nezikin Holy Things Temple worship 11 Kodashin Purities Ritual purity 12 Toharot

  14. Seeds Agricultural laws 11 Zera’im Appointed Time Jewish holidays 12 Mo’ed Women Laws & concerns relevant to women 7 Nashim Damages Torts & casuistry, guide for public life 10* Nezikin Holy Things Temple worship 11 Kodashin Purities Ritual purity 12 Toharot

  15. Damages Nezikin Torts & casuistry, guide for public life 10* • One of the 10 tractates of Damages • is the Ethics of the Fathers • This collection of ethical maxims and teachings of wisdom is the most celebrated tractate of the Mishnah

  16. The Mishnah later became the foundation for the next layer of Jewish legal scholarly activity: the Talmud

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