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Vector, Scalar and Units Review

Vector, Scalar and Units Review. Vector vs. Scalar. Definitions: Vectors are any quantity in physics that can be characterized by both its magnitude and direction. Scalars are any quantity in physics that can be characterized by magnitude only. What is Magnitude?.

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Vector, Scalar and Units Review

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  1. Vector, Scalar and Units Review

  2. Vector vs. Scalar • Definitions: • Vectors are any quantity in physics that can be characterized by both its magnitude and direction. • Scalars are any quantity in physics that can be characterized by magnitude only.

  3. What is Magnitude? • To keep is simple, magnitude can be thought of the value associated with a vector or scalar quantity. • Ex. A boy runs 100 meters in the northerly direction in 20 seconds. What is the magnitude of his average velocity? • Ans. Note: magnitude is the value 5 m/s, which is also the scalar component of the velocity vector. In this example, it is the speed.

  4. d • Stands for? • Displacement or distance • The Units are? • meters (m) • Displacement is a vector quantity. • Distance is a scalar quantity.

  5. v • Stands for? • Velocity or speed • The Units are? • meters per second (m/s) • Velocity is a vector quantity. • Speed is a scalar quantity, and is the magnitude of the velocity vector.

  6. a, ac • Stands for? • Acceleration • ac represents centripetal acceleration, which is an inward directed acceleration that applies to objects moving in circular paths. • The Units are? • meters per second2 (m/s2) • Acceleration is a vector quantity.

  7. m • Stands for? • mass • The Units are? • kilograms (kg) • Mass is a scalar quantity.

  8. t • Stands for? • time • The Units are? • seconds (s) • Time is a scalar quantity.

  9. F, Fg, Fe • Stands for? • Force • Fg = mg, is the force due to gravity or weight. • Fe is an electrostatic force. • The Units are? • Newtons (N) • Force is a vector quantity

  10. p • Stands for? • Momentum = mv • The Units are? • Kilogram-meter per second (kgm/s) • momentum is a vector quantity.

  11. J • Stands for? • Impulse = Ft • The Units are? • Newton-second (Ns) • Impulse is a vector quantity.

  12. r • Stands for? • Radial distance between two points or objects. • The Units are? • meters (m) • r is a scalar quantity

  13. E • Stands for? • Electric Field Intensity or Strength. • The Units are? • N/C (F/q) • V/m (V/d) • Electric Field Intensity is a vector quantity.

  14. q • Stands for? • Charge • Units are? • Coulombs (C) • Alternate symbol representation: • Q or e • Charge is a scalar quantity.

  15. I • Stands for? • Current (Flow of positive charge). • Units are? • Amperes (A) • Current is a scalar quantity

  16. V • Stands for? • Volts / Voltage / Potential Difference / Electric Potential • The Units are? • Volts • Electric Potential is a scalar quantity.

  17. R • Stands for? • Resistance (An electrical property of a material that is a measure of the resistance to flow of electrons in relation to an electrical potential.) • The Units are? • Ohms (Ω) • Resistance is a scalar quantity.

  18. • Stands for? • Resistivity (A natural property of a material that is a measure of the resistance to the flow of electrons.) • The Units are? • Ωm

  19. A • Stands for? • Cross-sectional area (of a conductor). • The Units are? • m2

  20. L • Stands for? • Length (of a conductor). • The Units are? • m

  21. E • May also be represented by U or W • Stands for? • Energy • The Units are? • Joules (J) • Energy is a scalar quantity.

  22. W • Stands for? • Work • The Units are? • Joules (J) • Work is a scalar quantity.

  23. P • Stands for? • Power • The Units are? • Watts (W) • Joule per second (J/s) • Power is a scalar quantity.

  24. B • Stands for? • Magnetic Field Intensity. • The Units are? • Tesla (T) • Magnetic Field Intensity is a vector quantity.

  25. c • Stands for? • Speed of light • The Units are? • m/s • The Value is? • 3.0 x 108 m/s

  26. f • Stands for? • Frequency (The number of waves that pass a point in space per unit of time.) • The Units are? • Hertz (Hz), cycles/second, or (1/s) • Frequency is a scalar quantity.

  27. T • Stands for? • Period (The time required for a wave to complete 1 cycle, or one wavelength.) • The Units are? • Seconds (s) • The period is a scalar quantity.

  28. λ • Stands for? • Wavelength (The distance at which a wave will repeat the same pattern over again.) • The Units are? • Meters (m) • Wavelength is a scalar quantity

  29. n • Stands for? • Index of refraction (property of a material that is used to determine both the speed of light in that material and the amount that the light will bend.) • Quantum energy level. • The Units are? • None

  30. θi, θr, θ1, θ2 • Stands for? • Angle of incidence (θi) • Angle of reflection (θr) • Angle of incidence (θ1) • Angle of refraction (θ2) • All angles are relative to a normal to the surface.

  31. h • Stands for? • Planck's Constant • The Units are? • Joule • second (J.s) • The value is: • 6.626 x 10-34 J.s

  32. k • Stands for? • Electrostatic constant • The Units are? • Newtons • meters2 / Coulombs2 (Nm2/C2) • The Value is: • 8.99 x 109 Nm2/C2

  33. e • Stands for? • Elementary charge • Charge on a proton or electron • The Units are? • Coulombs (C) • The Value is: • 1.6 x 10-19 C

  34. Name Symbol Unit Name Symbol Distance / Displacement d meters m Time t seconds s Velocity / Speed v meters / second m/s Acceleration a meters / second2 m/s2 Kinematics

  35. Name Symbol Unit Name Symbol Force F Newton N (kg·m/s2) Net Force Fnet = ma Newton N (kg·m/s2) Normal Force FN or N Newton N (kg·m/s2) Tensional Force FTor T Newton N (kg·m/s2) Weight / Gravitational Force Fg or W = mg Newton N (kg·m/s2) Friction Ff Newton N (kg·m/s2) Centripetal Force Fc = mv2/r Newton N (kg·m/s2) Forces Coefficient of Friction

  36. Name Symbol Unit Name Symbol Work W = Fd Joule or Newton - meter J or Nm Potential Energy PE Joule J Kinetic Energy KE = ½mv2 Joule J Internal Energy / Heat Q Joule J Power P Watt W or J/s Momentum P = mv Kilogram-meter/second kg∙m/s Impulse J = Ft Newton-second N∙s Spring Constant k Newton/meter N/m or kg/s2 Work & Energy

  37. Name Symbol Unit Name Symbol Electrostatic Force Fe Newton N Electric Field Intensity E Newtons/Coulomb Volts/Meter N/C V/m Charge Q, q Coulombs C Electrostatics

  38. Name Symbol Unit Name Symbol Current I Amperes A Voltage / Potential Difference / Electric Potent. V Volts V Resistance R Ohms  Resistivity  Ohm – meter m Cross-sectional Area A Meters2 m2 Length L Meters m Power P Watts Joules/second W J/s Energy E Joules J Work W Joules J Current Electricity

  39. Name Symbol Unit Name Symbol Magnetic Field Intensity B Tesla T Magnetism

  40. Name Symbol Unit Name Symbol Speed v Meters/second m/s Speed of Light c Meters/second m/s Wavelength  Meters m Frequency f Hertz (Hz) 1/seconds 1/s Period T Time (seconds) s Waves

  41. Name Symbol Unit Name Symbol Index of Refraction n None Angle of Incidence i, or 1 Degrees / Radians o, Rad Angle of Reflection r Degrees / Radians o, Rad Angle of Refraction 2 Degrees / Radians o, Rad Light & Optics

  42. Name Symbol Unit Name Symbol Planck’s Constant h 6.626 E-34 J.s Electrostatic Constant k 8.99 E9 N.m2/C2 The elementary Charge e 1.6 E-19 C Constants

  43. Vector or Scalar?

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