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Understanding Linux Shells: Functions, Commands, and Variables

Explore the functionalities, built-in commands, environment variables, and startup files in Linux shells. Learn about useful aliases, commands, and metacharacters for efficient shell operations.

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Understanding Linux Shells: Functions, Commands, and Variables

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  1. Chapter 4 LINUX Shells

  2. Table 4.1Shell Locations and Program Names

  3. Figure 4.1 Shell families and their relative functionalities

  4. Table 4.2Shell Similarities and Disimilarities

  5. Table 4.2Shell Similarities and Disimilarities (continued from previous slide)

  6. Table 4.3Some Useful Shell Built-In Commands

  7. Table 4.4Shell Environment Variables

  8. Table 4.5Shell Startup Files for Bash and TC Shells

  9. Shell Startup Files • Startup files set environment variables and set the initial behavior of the shell • Bash first runs the file /etc/profile • Additional startup files have names that start with “.” which denotes a hidden file

  10. Figure 4.2  An illustration of the write command (continued on next slide)

  11. Figure 4.2  An illustration of the write command (continued from previous slide

  12. Table 4.6Some Useful Aliases

  13. Some Useful Commands • Directory commands: pwd, mkdir, rmdir, ls • File display commands: cat, more, less • File printing: lpr • Calendar display: cal • Instant Messaging: write, talk (can be enabled or disabled using mesg) • Email notification: enabled or disabled using biff • Aliasing: create an alias name for long commands (alias, and unalias) • System statistics: uptime, ps

  14. Shell Metacharacters • Metacharacters are characters that have a special meaning to the shell • Metacharacters can be used as regular characters by preceding them with “\”

  15. Table 4.7Shell Metacharacters (continued on next slide)

  16. Table 4.7Shell Metacharacters(continued from previous slide)

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